Birth weight, weight over the adult life course and risk of breast cancer

Artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i to forskjellige forklaringsmodeller for voksen sykdom: programmering og livsløpstilnærming. Programmering innebærer en påvirkning i en tidlig kritisk fase som resulterer i en varig skade, mens en livsløpstilnærming er studien av langsiktige effekter av påvirkninger gjennom alle livsfaser. Disse to måtene å forklare voksen sykdom på blir demonstrert ved å bruke eksemplet forhøyet blodtrykk. Vi oppsummerer funn i nyere studier som belyser hvordan determinanter i ulike livsfaser, særlig i de første leveår, kan påvirke senere blodtrykk.Man finner gjennomgående en svak invers sammenheng mellom fødselsvekt og senere blodtrykk, og det er vist en svak gunstig effekt på blodtrykket av å bli brysternært. Tidlig innhentingsvekst er hovedsakelig vist å ha en uheldig virkning på senere blodtrykk; det kan imidlertid være fordelaktig i utviklingsland. BMI er sterkt assosiert med blodtrykk hos både voksne og barn. Enkelte har også funnet en interaksjon mellom fødselsvekt og voksen BMI, med sterkest invers sammenheng mellom fødselsvekst og senere blodtrykk hos de med en høy voksen BMI. Siden både blodtrykk og BMI sporer fra barndom til voksen alder, er tidlig forebygging viktig. Blant voksne er det tendens til en sosial gradient i blodtrykket, i hovedsak mediert gjennom tradisjonelle risikofaktorer.Ensidig fokusering på så vel programmering som på voksenlivets risikofaktorer har ofte begrenset forklaringsverdi. I en livsløpstilnærming, som har kommet som en respons på dette, tar man hensyn til både programmering, livsstilsfaktorer og sosiale forhold. The paper describes two different explanation models for adult disease: programming and the life course approach. In programming, there is a stimulus or insult at an early critical period of development that has lasting significance, whereas a life course approach is the study of long-term effects of exposures during all stages of life. These two ways of explaining adult disease are demonstrated by using elevated blood pressure as an example. We summarize findings in newer studies on how determinants in different stages of life, especially during the earliest years, may influence later blood pressure.In general, a weak inverse association between birth weight and later blood pressure is found. Breast-feeding is shown to have a weak favourable effect on blood pressure. Early catch-up growth is generally seen having an adverse effect on later blood pressure; it could have some benefits in developing countries, however. BMI is at all ages strongly associated with blood pressure. An interaction between birth weight and adult BMI is also found in certain studies, with the strongest inverse birth weight/adult blood pressure association among those who become obese. Since both blood pressure and BMI show tracking from childhood through to adult life, early prevention is important. In adults, there is a weak social gradient in blood pressure, mostly mediated via traditional risk factors.Focusing solely on programming or on adult risk factors often provides limited aetiological information. In a life course approach, which has emerged as a response of this, programming as well as life style factors and social causation are taken into consideration

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Premature birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age and chronic non-communicable diseases in adult life: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Early Human Development ◽

10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 149 ◽

pp. 105154 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Elaine Luiza Santos Soares de Mendonça ◽

Mateus de Lima Macêna ◽

Nassib Bezerra Bueno ◽

Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira ◽

Carolina Santos Mello

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Premature Birth ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adult Life ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

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RE: “BEING BREASTFED IN INFANCY AND BREAST CANCER INCIDENCE IN ADULT LIFE: RESULTS FROM THE TWO NURSES' HEALTH STUDIES”

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a000176 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 153 (7) ◽

pp. 720-720

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Adult Life ◽

Health Studies

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Multimorbidity and leisure-time physical activity over the life course: a population-based birth cohort study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10719-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Natan Feter ◽

Jayne S. Leite ◽

Daniel Umpierre ◽

Eduardo L. Caputo ◽

Airton J. Rombaldi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Life Course ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Adult Life ◽

Population Based ◽

Independent Effect ◽

Sensitive Period ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Saturated Model

Abstract Background We aimed to test which life course model best described the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and multimorbidity at age 55. We analyzed data from birth to age 55 using the database from the 1958 National Child Development Survey. Methods Multimorbidity was considered as the presence of more than one chronic condition. LTPA was measured through questionnaires from 1965 (age 7) to 2013 (age 55), which were applied in eight different occasions. We compared the fit of a series of nested adjusted logistic regression models (representing either the critical, accumulation or sensitive period models) with a fully saturated model. Data were reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results From an eligible sample of 15,613 cohort members, 9137 were interviewed in the latest sweep (58.5%). Men were more physically active than women at ages 11, 16, and 23 (p < 0.001). LTPA every day in the week was more frequent in women than men in ages 33, 42, and 50 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of multimorbidity at age 55 was 33.0% (n = 2778). The sensitive analysis revealed that LTPA during adolescence (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.98) and mid adult life (age 50 and 55; OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.69, 0.98) have a stronger effect on the risk for multimorbidity at age 55 considering all other life stages in the model. Also, adolescence showed a critical independent effect on the risk for multimorbidity (OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.70, 0.97). No difference was found between those models. Conclusions These data support the notion of a protective physical activity “legacy” at early ages of childhood against multimorbidity at older ages. We highlight the need for LTPA promotion through intervention tailored especially on schooling and older ages in order to reduce the burden of multimorbidity.

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Evidence That Adult Life Risk Factors Influence the Expression of Familial Propensity to Breast Cancer

Epidemiology ◽

10.1097/00001648-199709000-00019 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 592 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Klea Katsouyanni ◽

Lisa B. Signorello ◽

Pagona Lagiou ◽

Kathleen Egan ◽

Dimitrios Trichopoulos

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Adult Life

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The association of women’s birth size with risk of molecular breast cancer subtypes: a cohort study

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-08027-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marie S. Sandvei ◽

Signe Opdahl ◽

Marit Valla ◽

Pagona Lagiou ◽

Ellen Veronika Vesterfjell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Birth Length ◽

Birth Size ◽

Luminal A ◽

Cancer Subtypes ◽

Luminal B

Abstract Background Because birth size appears to be positively associated with breast cancer risk, we have studied whether this risk may differ according to molecular breast cancer subtypes. Methods A cohort of 22,931 women born 1920–1966 were followed up for breast cancer occurrence from 1961 to 2012, and 870 were diagnosed during follow-up. Archival diagnostic material from 537 patients was available to determine molecular breast cancer subtype, specified as Luminal A, Luminal B (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-), Luminal B (HER2+), HER2 type, and Triple negative (TN) breast cancer. Information on the women’s birth weight, birth length and head circumference at birth was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each molecular subtype, applying Cox regression, and stratified by maternal height. Results Birth length (per 2 cm increments) was positively associated with Luminal A (HR = 1.2, 95% CI, 1.0–1.3), Luminal B (HER2+) (HR = 1.3, 95% CI, 1.0–1.7), and TN breast cancer (HR = 1.4, 95% CI, 1.0–1.9). No clear association was found for birth weight and head circumference. The positive associations of birth length were restricted to women whose mothers were relatively tall (above population median). Conclusion We found a positive association of birth length with risk of Luminal A, Luminal B (HER2+) and TN breast cancer that appears to be restricted to women whose mothers were relatively tall. This may support the hypothesis that breast cancer risk is influenced by determinants of longitudinal growth and that this finding deserves further scrutiny.

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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.64.5.591 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 591-591

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Adult Life ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Physical Growth ◽

Rural Populations ◽

Vicious Cycle ◽

Catch Up ◽

The Individual ◽

Dramatic Consequence

Deaths of infants and of their mothers may be the most dramatic consequence of ill health, but there are other serious consequences which affect the child and, indeed, may follow it throughout adult life. The damage done by infections and associated malnutrition to a young child in its formative years is manifested in retarded physical growth and mental development, which it may never be able to catch up on, thus impairing the potential for a full and active adult life. Poverty, ignorance, and ill health thus create a vicious cycle spanning from one generation to the next, and from which the individual has little chance of escape. A striking expression of this generation link is the frequency of "low birth weight" (LBW) babies, ie, babies weighing less than 2500 gm at birth. It is now known that this frequency is closely determined by the same adverse maternal and environmental factors which determine the nutritional status of the mother. It has also been observed in developed countries that the frequency is higher among mothers who smoke during pregnancy. About 21 million LBW (small for date) babies are born each year, the greatest majority of them in developing countries. The observed incidence rate ranges from about 4% in the most developed countries to over 30% in some poor rural populations. It is also known that LBW is the single most important factor determining the survival chances of the child. The infant mortality rate is about 20 times greater for all LBW babies than for other babies, and the lower the birth weight the lower is the survival chance.

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Effect of maternal anaemia on birth weight of term babies

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20181533 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 1019

Author(s):

Mohandas Nair ◽

Gireesh S. ◽

Rubeena Yakoob ◽

Cheriyan N. C.

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Adult Life ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Maternal Anaemia ◽

Medical College ◽

Anemia During Pregnancy ◽

The Difference ◽

Long Term Impact

Background: Low birth weight is the major determinant of mortality, morbidity and disability in infancy and childhood and has a long-term impact on health outcome in adult life. The objectives of this study were to study the relationship between maternal anemia and birth weight of babies and to study anthropometric measures of babies born to anemic and non-anemic mothers and to correlate the timing of anemia with birth weight of babies.Methods: Term babies born in Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Government Medical College, Kozhikode from November 2014 to October 2016 fulfilling the criteria were divided into 2 groups, cases (term babies with birth weight <2500g) and controls (term babies with weight >2500g) and studied and their maternal hemoglobin values were compared.Results: Maternal anaemia in all three trimesters was found to be more in cases compared to controls. Mean 1st trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.68 g/dl which was significantly lower when compared to controls. Mean 2nd trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.36 g/dl compared to 11.47 g/dl in controls. Mean 3rd trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.42 g/dl which was also significantly lower compared to 11.32 g/dl in controls. SGA babies were also found to be more in cases, 89%, compared to 18% in controls. The difference in head circumference between two groups was not statistically significant. Mean length of babies were higher in controls compared to cases. Mothers with anemia at any time during pregnancy was found to have 4.3 times higher risk of giving birth to low birth weight babies compared to non-anemic mothersConclusion: Anemia during pregnancy is a risk factor for low birth weight and SGA, independent of the trimester. Length of babies born to anaemic mothers is also low. But it does not have a significant effect on head circumference of babies.

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