Lowering the inhibition of sugarcane vinasse as a culture medium for oleaginous fungi through oxidative pre‐treatment aiming at the degradation of toxic compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 2943-2950
Author(s):  
Cristiano E Rodrigues Reis ◽  
Ana KF Carvalho ◽  
Heitor BS Bento ◽  
Thiago M Alves ◽  
Heizir F Castro
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Oleaginous Fungi ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Sugarcane Vinasse

Effect of Culture Medium and Mannitol Pre-Treatment on Durum Wheat Anther Culture Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-597
Author(s):  
Th. B. Lazaridou ◽  
A. G. Mavromatis ◽  
I. N. Xynias
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Anther Culture Response

Tremorgenic indole metabolites and aflatoxins in sclerotia of Aspergillus flavus: an evolutionary perspective

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald T. Wicklow ◽  
Richard J. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Selective Forces ◽  
First Time

Isolates of Aspergillus flavus Link from both cool and warm latitudes were cultured on potato dextrose agar containing yeast extract to identify sclerotia-producing strains. Chloroform–MeOH extracts of sclerotia were analyzed for the presence of aflatoxins and major indole metabolites (e.g., cyclopiazonic acid, aflatrem, and dihydroxyaflavinine). Aflatoxin is reported from sclerotia of A. flavus for the first time. Cyclopiazonic acid was detected primarily in sclerotia of isolates from warmer latitudes. Aflatrem and dihydroxyaflavinine were detected in sclerotia from 85% of the strains examined. These metabolites are associated with the sclerotial stage of the life cycle, because neither were detected in extracts of the culture medium and mycelium of Petri dish cultures from which all the sclerotia were removed. Geographic variation and intrafungal allocation of these toxic compounds in A. flavus are examined from the evolutionary ecologist's perspective of selective forces shaping the chemical defense systems of fungi.

scholarly journals Deletion of the Bcnrps1 Gene Increases the Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea and Reduces Its Tolerance to the Exogenous Toxic Substances Spermidine and Pyrimethanil

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Ana Fernández-Morales ◽  
María Carbú ◽  
Victoria González-Rodríguez ◽  
Sokratis Papaspyrou ◽  
Carlos Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

During the infection of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) by the fungus Botrytis cinerea, the concentration of polyamines, which are toxic substances for the phytopathogen, increases in the grape. Nine NRPS genes have been identified in the genome of B. cinerea, yet the function of five of them remains unknown. For this reason, we have studied the expression of the 9 NRPS genes by RT-qPCR in a medium supplemented with sublethal concentrations of three polyamines (1,3-diaminopropane (1,3-DAP), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM)). Our results show that the presence of polyamines in the culture medium triggered the overexpression of the Bcnrps1 gene in the pathogen. Deleting Bcnrps1 did not affect mycelial growth or adaptation to osmotic stress, and we show that its expression is not essential for the cycle of infection of the B. cinerea. However, mutating the Bcnrps1 gene resulted in overexpression of the Bcnrps6 gene, which encodes for the excretion of siderophores of the coprogen family. Moreover, gene deletion has reduced the tolerance of B. cinerea B05.10 to toxic substances such as the polyamine SPD and the fungicide pyrimethanil, and its virulence has increased. Our findings provide new insights into the function of the Bcnrps1 gene and its involvement in the tolerance of B. cinerea against exogenous toxic compounds.

scholarly journals The photoprotective properties of α-tocopherol phosphate against long-wave UVA1 (385 nm) radiation in keratinocytes in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Saleh ◽  
K. P. Lawrence ◽  
S. A. Jones ◽  
A. R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Cell Culture Medium ◽  
Alamar Blue ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractUVA1 radiation (340–400 nm), especially longwave UVA1 (> 370 nm), is often ignored when assessing sun protection due to its low sunburning potential, but it generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is poorly attenuated by sunscreens. This study aimed to investigate if α-tocopherol phosphate, (α-TP) a promising new antioxidant, could protect against long-wave UVA1 induced cell death and scavenge UVA1 induced ROS in a skin cell model. HaCaT keratinocyte cell viability (24 h) was assessed with Alamar Blue and Neutral Red assays. The metabolism of α-TP into α-T, assessed using mass spectrometry, and the compound's radical scavenging efficacy, assessed by the dichlorodihydrofluorescein (H2DCFDA) ROS detection assay, was monitored in HaCaTs. The mechanism of α-TP ROS scavenging was determined using non-cell based DPPH and ORAC assays. In HaCaT keratinocytes, irradiated with 226 J/cm2 UVA1 in low-serum (2%, starved) cell culture medium, pretreatment with 80 µM α-TP significantly enhanced cell survival (88%, Alamar Blue) compared to control, whereas α-T pre-treatment had no effect survival (70%, Alamar Blue). Pre-treatment of cells with 100 μM α-TP or 100 μM α-T before 57 J/cm2 UVA1 also significantly reduced ROS generation over 2 h (24.1% and 23.9% respectively) compared to the control and resulted in α-TP bioconversion into α-T. As α-TP displayed weak antioxidant activity in the cell-free assays thus its photoprotection was assigned to its bioconversion to α-T by cellular phosphatases. Through this mechanism α-TP prevented long-wave UVA1 induced cell death and scavenged UVA1 induced ROS in skin cells when added to the starved cell culture medium before UVA1 exposure by bioconversion into α-T.

Development of Time-Resolved Immunofluorometric Assay of Vascular Permeability Factor

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiang-Teck Yeo ◽  
Tracy M Sioussat ◽  
James D Faix ◽  
Donald R Senger ◽  
Tet-Kin Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Vascular Permeability Factor ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Permeability Factor ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Permeability Assay

Abstract We describe a two-site time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for guinea pig vascular permeability factor (VPF) for quantifying VPF in different biological fluids. Antibody against the carboxy terminus (C-IgG) is immobilized on microtiter wells, and antibody against the amino terminus (N-IgG) is labeled with Eu(3+)-chelate. Line 10 tumor culture medium, known to be rich in VPF, is assayed in a two-step incubation. Bound Eu3+ is then quantified by dissociation into a fluorescent enhancement solution, with measurement of the time-resolved fluorescence. The analytical sensitivity is 0.35 VPF unit, and the intra-assay CV is about 20%. The assay is specific for VPF, because pre-treatment with the appropriate C- or N-peptide, or pre-extraction of VPF, greatly decreases fluorescence. The VPF immunoassay is highly correlated (r2 = 0.94) with the Miles permeability assay, the classical bioassay of VPF. In addition, the immunofluorometric assay is about 30-fold more sensitive than the Miles assay.

scholarly journals Bovine Lactoferrin Pre-Treatment Induces Intracellular Killing of AIEC LF82 and Reduces Bacteria-Induced DNA Damage in Differentiated Human Enterocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stefania Lepanto ◽  
Luigi Rosa ◽  
Antimo Cutone ◽  
Mellani Jinnett Scotti ◽  
Antonietta Lucia Conte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Intracellular Survival ◽  
Bovine Lactoferrin ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Cell Surface Molecule ◽  
Dna Damages ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Moment

LF82, a prototype of adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC), is able to adhere to, invade, survive and replicate into intestinal epithelial cells. LF82 is able to enhance either its adhesion and invasion by up-regulating carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM-6), the main cell surface molecule for bacterial adhesion, and its intracellular survival by inducing host DNA damage, thus blocking the cellular cycle. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional cationic glycoprotein of natural immunity, exerting an anti-invasive activity against LF82 when added to Caco-2 cells at the moment of infection. Here, the infection of 12 h Lf pre-treated Caco-2 cells was carried out at a time of 0 or 3 or 10 h after Lf removal from culture medium. The effect of Lf pre-treatment on LF82 invasiveness, survival, cell DNA damage, CEACAM-6 expression, apoptosis induction, as well as on Lf subcellular localization, has been evaluated. Lf, even if removed from culture medium, reduced LF82 invasion and survival as well as bacteria-induced DNA damage in Caco-2 cells independently from induction of apoptosis, modulation of CEACAM-6 expression and Lf sub-cellular localization. At our knowledge, this is the first study showing that the sole Lf pre-treatment can activate protective intracellular pathways, reducing LF82 invasiveness, intracellular survival and cell–DNA damages.

scholarly journals Induction of Microspore Embryogenesis of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) ‘Gelatik’

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Devi Bunga Pagalla ◽  
Ari Indrianto ◽  
Maryani Maryani ◽  
Endang Semiarti
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Haploid Plant ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Anther Length ◽  
Pre Treatment

The haploid or double haploid plant of eggplants could be produced from microspore culture (embryogenesis of microspores). In the breeding programs, microspore can be developed into an embryo directly after exposure to stress treatment during cultured. Stress (temperature and starvation medium) is an important factor in the induction of embryogenesis microspore. This study aims to induced embryogenic microspores from eggplant CV. Gelatik. The stage late-uninucleate microspore (Vacuolate Microspore/VM) and early binucleate (Young Bicellular Pollen/YBP) are the suitable stages to induce multinucleate structure. There are 3 methods used in this research; 1) Determination of the stage development of microspore based on flower buds length and anther length. 2) Induction of embryogenic microspore on the pre-treatment and starvation medium. 3) After giving pre-treatment for 4 days, micropores were transferred to culture medium A2 at 28oC in dark conditions to induce the multicellular structures. This study reported that 50-68.51% of the VM+YBP stage obtained in the range of flower bud lengths of 10-17 mm, and 5.0-6.9 mm, the range of anther length containing VM+YBP of 50-77.48%. The pre-treatment heat shock at 33oC in the medium B for 2 days,  produced embryogenic microspores with a high percentage, that is about 50.19%, while microspores at 25oC and 4oC respectively 46.17% and 49.28%. Pre-treatment for 4 days at 4 oC, 25 oC,  and 33oC with the percentage of embryogenic microspores apiece 32.87%, 27.45%, and 37.34%. The multicellular (starlike) structure begins forming on the fifth day of incubation in culture medium (A2) after pre-treatment in B medium at 33oC.

scholarly journals Photodegradation of sugarcane vinasse: evaluation of the effect of vinasse pre-treatment and the crystalline phase of TiO2

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Padilha de Souza ◽  
Ana Maria Ferrari Lima ◽  
Osvaldo Pezoti ◽  
Veronice Sluzarski Santana ◽  
Marcelino Luiz Gimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Sugarcane Vinasse
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document