scholarly journals Adaptive evolvability through direct selection instead of indirect, second‐order selection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Order Selection

scholarly journals Higher-fitness yeast genotypes are less robust to deleterious mutations

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6464) ◽  
pp. 490-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milo S. Johnson ◽  
Alena Martsul ◽  
Sergey Kryazhimskiy ◽  
Michael M. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Order Selection ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Mutational Robustness ◽  
First Order ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Microbial Systems ◽  
Insertion Mutations

Natural selection drives populations toward higher fitness, but second-order selection for adaptability and mutational robustness can also influence evolution. In many microbial systems, diminishing-returns epistasis contributes to a tendency for more-fit genotypes to be less adaptable, but no analogous patterns for robustness are known. To understand how robustness varies across genotypes, we measure the fitness effects of hundreds of individual insertion mutations in a panel of yeast strains. We find that more-fit strains are less robust: They have distributions of fitness effects with lower mean and higher variance. These differences arise because many mutations have more strongly deleterious effects in faster-growing strains. This negative correlation between fitness and robustness implies that second-order selection for robustness will tend to conflict with first-order selection for fitness.

scholarly journals The habitat functional response links seasonal third‐order selection to second‐order landscape characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 4683-4691
Author(s):  
Kelsey E. Paolini ◽  
Bronson K. Strickland ◽  
Jessica L. Tegt ◽  
Kurt C. VerCauteren ◽  
Garrett M. Street
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Selection ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Landscape Characteristics

scholarly journals Higher fitness yeast genotypes are less robust to deleterious mutations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milo S. Johnson ◽  
Alena Martsul ◽  
Sergey Kryazhimskiy ◽  
Michael M. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Order Selection ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Mutational Robustness ◽  
First Order ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Microbial Systems ◽  
Insertion Mutations

AbstractNatural selection drives populations towards higher fitness, but second-order selection for adaptability and mutational robustness can also influence the dynamics of adaptation. In many microbial systems, diminishing returns epistasis contributes to a tendency for more-fit genotypes to be less adaptable, but no analogous patterns for robustness are known. To understand how robustness varies across genotypes, we measure the fitness effects of hundreds of individual insertion mutations in a panel of yeast strains. We find that more-fit strains are less robust: they have distributions of fitness effects (DFEs) with lower mean and higher variance. These shifts in the DFE arise because many mutations have more strongly deleterious effects in faster-growing strains. This negative correlation between fitness and robustness implies that second-order selection for robustness will tend to conflict with first-order selection for fitness.

scholarly journals Second-Order Selection for Evolvability in a Large Escherichia coli Population

Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 331 (6023) ◽  
pp. 1433-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Woods ◽  
J. E. Barrick ◽  
T. F. Cooper ◽  
U. Shrestha ◽  
M. R. Kauth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Selection ◽  
Selection For

Second-Order Selection Bias Reply

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1066-1068
Author(s):  
Martin J. Sepulveda ◽  
Axel Goetz ◽  
John Grana
Keyword(s):  
Selection Bias ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Selection

scholarly journals Effects of Bait on Male White-Tailed Deer Resource Selection

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2334
Author(s):  
James T. Johnson ◽  
Richard B. Chandler ◽  
L. Mike Conner ◽  
Michael J. Cherry ◽  
Charlie H. Killmaster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Order Selection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Third Order

Bait is often used to increase wildlife harvest susceptibility, enhance viewing opportunities, and survey wildlife populations. The effects of baiting depend on how bait influences space use and resource selection at multiple spatial scales. Although telemetry studies allow for inferences about resource selection within home ranges (third-order selection), they provide limited information about spatial variation in density, which is the result of second-order selection. Recent advances in spatial capture-recapture (SCR) techniques allow exploration of second- and third-order selection simultaneously using non-invasive methods such as camera traps. Our objectives were to describe how short-term baiting affects white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) behavior and distribution. We fit SCR models to camera data from baited and unbaited locations in southwestern Georgia to assess the effects of short-term baiting on second- and third-order selection of deer during summer and winter surveys. We found little evidence of second-order selection during late summer or early winter surveys when camera surveys using bait are typically conducted. However, we found evidence for third-order selection, indicating that resource selection within home ranges is affected. Concentrations in space use resulting from baiting may enhance disease transmission, change harvest susceptibility, and potentially bias the outcome of camera surveys using bait.

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