scholarly journals Analysis of bone matrix composition and trabecular microarchitecture of the femoral metaphysis in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1175-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Tingart ◽  
Johannes Beckmann ◽  
Alfred Opolka ◽  
Maiko Matsuura ◽  
Jens Schaumburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Trabecular Microarchitecture ◽  
Femoral Metaphysis

scholarly journals Gorham Stout disease: a case report from Syria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asil Esper ◽  
Sami Alhoulaiby ◽  
Areege Emran ◽  
Safwan Youssef ◽  
Zuheir Alshehabi
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Relative Improvement ◽  
Cellular Atypia ◽  
Pathologic Fractures

Abstract Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare entity that destroys the bone matrix resulting mainly in osteolysis, pain and pathologic fractures among a broader clinical picture. We report a case of a 60-year-old female with a sudden discovery of pathologic fractures in the pelvis and the absence of the left femoral head. On biopsy, no cellular atypia was found, instead disturbed bone formation with prominent vascularity with scattered foci of necrosis & osteolysis, which lead to the diagnosis of GSD. Possible differential diagnoses were discussed and excluded. The patient was put on Bisphosphonate that led to a relative improvement in the symptoms. This disease needs a more thorough investigation to identify the key cause, what is beyond the scope of this report.

scholarly journals HBM Mice Have Altered Bone Matrix Composition and Improved Material Toughness

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Ross ◽  
Maleeha Mashiatulla ◽  
Alvin S. Acerbo ◽  
Jonathan D. Almer ◽  
Lisa M. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Matrix Composition

scholarly journals Osteonecrosis of the femoral head in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Bone morphometry of the proximal femoral metaphysis.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1426-1430
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Kumashiro ◽  
Satoshi Kanemitsu ◽  
Katsuaki Kitano ◽  
Toshiaki Haza ◽  
Katsuro Iwasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Bone Morphometry ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Femoral Metaphysis

scholarly journals Evidence for osteocyte-mediated bone-matrix degradation associated with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 264-280
Author(s):  
RT Ormsby ◽  
◽  
AR Zelmer ◽  
D Yang ◽  
NJ Gunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periprosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Cathepsin K ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Control Bone

Osteomyelitis associated with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) signals a chronic infection and the need for revision surgery. An osteomyelitic bone exhibits distinct morphological features, including evidence for osteolysis and an accelerated bone remodelling into poorly organised, poor-quality bone. In addition to immune cells, various bone cell-types have been implicated in the pathology. The present study sought to determine the types of bone-cell activities in human PJI bones. Acetabular biopsies from peri-implant bone from patients undergoing revision total hip replacement (THR) for chronic PJI (with several identified pathogens) as well as control bone from the same patients and from patients undergoing primary THR were analysed. Histological analysis confirmed that PJI bone presented increased osteoclastic activity compared to control bone. Analysis of osteocyte parameters showed no differences in osteocyte lacunar area between the acetabular bone taken from PJI patients or primary THR controls. Analysis of bone matrix composition using Masson’s trichrome staining and second-harmonic generation microscopy revealed widespread lack of mature collagen, commonly surrounding osteocytes, in PJI bone. Increased expression of known collagenases, such as matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 13, MMP1 and cathepsin K (CTSK), was measured in infected bone compared to non-infected bone. Human bone and cultured osteocyte-like cells experimentally exposed to Staphylococcus aureus exhibited strongly upregulated expression of MMP1, MMP3 and MMP13 compared to non-exposed controls. In conclusion, the study identified previously unrecognised bone-matrix changes in PJI caused by multiple organisms deriving from osteocytes. Histological examination of bone collagen composition may provide a useful adjunct diagnostic measure of PJI.

Cortical bone osteocalcin content and matrix composition in autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type I

1994 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Bollerslev ◽  
Sandy C Marks ◽  
Lis Mosekilde ◽  
Jane B Lian ◽  
Gary S Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Type I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone Biopsies ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis

Bollerslev J, Marks SC, Mosekilde L, Lian JB, Stein GS, Mosekilde L. Cortical bone osteocalcin content and matrix composition in autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type I. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:592–4. ISSN 0804–4643 Several bone matrix protein constituents, including the major component collagen type I and the hydroxyapatite binding protein, osteocalcin, have been implicated in the regulation of bone turnover. Corticol bone osteocalcin, collagen and mineral content were studied in autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type I (ADO), a disorder characterized by diffuse symmetrical osteosclerosis, Iliac crest bone biopsies were obtained from eight patients (mean age 43.0 years, range 17–63 years) and compared with 16 age- and sex-matched normal controls (mean age 44.1 years, range 20–61 years). The osteocalcin level in cortical bone was increased (p < 0.03) in ADO (51.4 ± 3.9 mg/kg bone) compared with controls (38.0 ± 3.6 mg/kg bone). Total collagen, protein and calcium expressed per kilogram bone dry weight were without significant difference between patients and controls. The pathogenesis of ADO is most likely not related to cortical bone osteocalcin content, a protein implicated in osteoclast ontogeny and activation. These observations are in contrast to recent observations of reduced bone osteocalcin levels in osteopetrotic mutations in the rat and underscore the interspecies heterogeneity of this disorder. Jens Bollerslev, Dept. of Med. Endocrinology, National Hospital, Pilestredet 32, N-0027 Oslo, Norway

scholarly journals A Three-Dimensional Mechanical Loading Model of Human Osteocytes in Their Native Matrix

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Elisabet Farré-Guasch ◽  
Jianfeng Jin ◽  
Huib W. van Essen ◽  
Jenneke Klein-Nulend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Mechanical Adaptation ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Bone Microdamage

AbstractOsteocytes are mechanosensory cells which are embedded in calcified collagenous matrix. The specific native matrix of osteocytes affects their regulatory activity, i.e., transmission of signaling molecules to osteoclasts and/or osteoblasts, in the mechanical adaptation of bone. Unfortunately, no existing in vitro model of cortical bone is currently available to study the mechanosensory function of human osteocytes in their native matrix. Therefore, we aimed to develop an in vitro three-dimensional mechanical loading model of human osteocytes in their native matrix. Human cortical bone explants containing osteocytes in their three-dimensional native matrix were cultured and mechanically loaded by three-point bending using a custom-made loading apparatus generating sinusoidal displacement. Osteocyte viability and sclerostin expression were measured 1–2 days before 5 min loading and 1 day after loading. Bone microdamage was visualized and quantified by micro-CT analysis and histology using BaSO4 staining. A linear relationship was found between loading magnitude (2302–13,811 µɛ) and force (1.6–4.9 N) exerted on the bone explants. At 24 h post-loading, osteocyte viability was not affected by 1600 µɛ loading. Sclerostin expression and bone microdamage were unaffected by loading up to 8000 µɛ. In conclusion, we developed an in vitro 3D mechanical loading model to study mechanoresponsiveness of viable osteocytes residing in their native matrix. This model is suitable to study the effect of changed bone matrix composition in metabolic bone disease on osteocyte mechanoresponsiveness.

scholarly journals Efficacy of targeting bone-specific GIP receptor in ovariectomy-induced bone loss

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Mabilleau ◽  
Benoit Gobron ◽  
Aleksandra Mieczkowska ◽  
Rodolphe Perrot ◽  
Daniel Chappard
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Carbonate Substitution ◽  
Alendronate Treatment ◽  
Gip Receptor

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) has been recognized in the last decade as an important contributor of bone remodelling and is necessary for optimal bone quality. However, GIP receptors are expressed in several tissues in the body and little is known about the direct vs indirect effects of GIP on bone remodelling and quality. The aims of the present study were to validate two new GIP analogues, called [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag and [d-Ala2]-GIP1–30, which specifically target either bone or whole-body GIP receptors, respectively; and to ascertain the beneficial effects of GIP therapy on bone in a mouse model of ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Both GIP analogues exhibited similar binding capacities at the GIP receptor and intracellular responses as full-length GIP1–42. Furthermore, only [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag, but not [d-Ala2]-GIP1–30, was undoubtedly found exclusively in the bone matrix and released at acidic pH. In ovariectomized animals, [d-Ala2]-GIP1–30 but not [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag ameliorated bone stiffness at the same magnitude than alendronate treatment. Only [d-Ala2]-GIP1–30 treatment led to significant ameliorations in cortical microarchitecture. Although alendronate treatment increased the hardness of the bone matrix and the type B carbonate substitution in the hydroxyapatite crystals, none of the GIP analogues modified bone matrix composition. Interestingly, in ovariectomy-induced bone loss, [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag failed to alter bone strength, microarchitecture and bone matrix composition. Overall, this study shows that the use of a GIP analogue that target whole-body GIP receptors might be useful to improve bone strength in ovariectomized animals.

scholarly journals Femoral rotation and relationship between the femoral head and the acetabulum

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martins ◽  
B. Colaco ◽  
S. Alves-Pimenta ◽  
JM Gonzalo Orden ◽  
A. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Hip Dysplasia ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Femoral Rotation ◽  
Femoral Metaphysis ◽  
Lateral Patella ◽  
Extended View ◽  
Norberg Angle

Canine hip dysplasia is a debilitating hereditary orthopaedic disease with a high prevalence in dogs. The aim of this study was to describe the influence of internal or external rotation of the femur on the projected radiographic position of the patella within the trochlear groove, and on the femoral head in relationship to the acetabulum in the standard ventrodorsal hip extended view, i.e., medial or lateral patella displacement, Norberg angle, femoral head subluxation index and femoral head subluxation category. Eleven adult dog cadavers of large and giant breeds were radiographed in standard ventrodorsal hip extended view and with internal and external femoral rotation. The medial and lateral patella displacement, Norberg angle, subluxation index and subluxation category variables were measured on radiographs, and analysed comparing the normal position with positions of different degrees of internal or external rotation of the femur. In the normal ventrodorsal hip extended view, the patella was centred within the distal femoral metaphysis (P &gt; 0.05). A mean ± SD internal femoral rotation of 16.0 ± 5.9° resulted in a medial patella index displacement of 0.23 ± 0.09, and a mean external femoral rotation of 17.9 ± 6.7° resulted in a lateral patella index displacement of 0.24 ± 0.1. The mean Norberg angle was 105.3 ± 4.3°, 107.7 ± 5.5° and 104.2 ± 4.3° (P &lt; 0.05); the subluxation index was 0.15 ± 0.06, 0.12 ± 0.05 and 0.18 ± 0.06 (P &lt; 0.05); the subluxation category was 1.55 ± 0.6, 1.46 ± 0.7 (P &gt; 0.05) and 1.96 ± 0.65 (P &lt; 0.05) in normal, internal and external femoral rotation ventrodorsal hip extended views, respectively. In conclusion, as the Norberg angle, subluxation index and subluxation category are parameters used for classification in the main international hip dysplasia scoring systems, adequate femoral position with the patella centred in the distal metaphysis is of uppermost importance to ensure the technical quality of radiographs.

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