scholarly journals Familial Obesity Risk and Current Excess Weight Influence Brain Structure in Adolescents

Obesity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-193
Author(s):  
Gita Thapaliya ◽  
Liuyi Chen ◽  
Elena Jansen ◽  
Kimberly R. Smith ◽  
Jennifer R. Sadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Familial Obesity

scholarly journals Household food insecurity and excess weight/obesity among Brazilian women and children: a life-course approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Maia Schlüssel ◽  
Antonio Augusto Moura da Silva ◽  
Rafael Pérez-Escamilla ◽  
Gilberto Kac
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Household Food ◽  
The Life Course

Household food insecurity (HFI) may increase obesity risk, but results are not consistent across the life course or between developed/underdeveloped settings. The objective of this paper is to review findings from previous analyses in Brazil among adult women, female adolescents, and children up to five. Data were derived from the 2006 Brazilian Demographic and Health Survey. Associations between HFI (measured with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale) and excess weight/obesity were investigated through Poisson regression models. While severe HFI was associated with obesity risk among adult women (PR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.17-1.90), moderate HFI was associated with excess weight among female adolescents (PR: 1.96; 95%CI: 1.18-3.27). There was no association between HFI and obesity among children (either boys or girls). The nutrition transition in Brazil may be shaping the differential deleterious effect of HFI on body fat accumulation across the life course; the association is already evident among female adolescents and adult women but still not among children.

scholarly journals Differences in brain structure and function in children with the FTO obesity‐risk allele

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-424
Author(s):  
Claudia Lugo‐Candelas ◽  
Yajing Pang ◽  
Seonjoo Lee ◽  
Jiook Cha ◽  
Susie Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Risk Allele ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Obesity risk is associated with altered cerebral glucose metabolism and decreased μ-opioid and CB1 receptor availability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatu Kantonen ◽  
Laura Pekkarinen ◽  
Tomi Karjalainen ◽  
Marco Bucci ◽  
Kari Kalliokoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Brain Glucose ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Familial Obesity ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Obesity is a pressing public health concern worldwide. Novel pharmacological means are urgently needed to combat the increase of obesity and accompanying type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although fully established obesity is associated with neuromolecular alterations and insulin resistance in the brain, potential obesity-promoting mechanisms in the central nervous system have remained elusive. In this triple-tracer positron emission tomography study, we investigated whether brain insulin signaling, μ-opioid receptors (MORs) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) are associated with risk for developing obesity. Methods Subjects were 41 young non-obese males with variable obesity risk profiles. Obesity risk was assessed by subjects’ physical exercise habits, body mass index and familial risk factors, including parental obesity and T2D. Brain glucose uptake was quantified with [18F]FDG during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, MORs were quantified with [11C]carfentanil and CB1Rs with [18F]FMPEP-d2. Results Subjects with higher obesity risk had globally increased insulin-stimulated brain glucose uptake (19 high-risk subjects versus 19 low-risk subjects), and familial obesity risk factors were associated with increased brain glucose uptake (38 subjects) but decreased availability of MORs (41 subjects) and CB1Rs (36 subjects). Conclusions These results suggest that the hereditary mechanisms promoting obesity may be partly mediated via insulin, opioid and endocannabinoid messaging systems in the brain.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of familial obesity risk and overweight in adolescence

NeuroImage ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 236-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Carnell ◽  
Leora Benson ◽  
Ku-Yu (Virginia) Chang ◽  
Zhishun Wang ◽  
Yuankai Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Familial Obesity

scholarly journals Neural correlates of familial obesity risk and overweight in adolescence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carnell S ◽  
Benson L ◽  
Chang KY ◽  
Wang Z ◽  
Huo Y ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Familial Obesity

Special, radical, failure of reduction in psychiatry

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Ross
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Gambling Addiction ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Special Radical ◽  
Intentional Relationships

AbstractUse of network models to identify causal structure typically blocks reduction across the sciences. Entanglement of mental processes with environmental and intentional relationships, as Borsboom et al. argue, makes reduction of psychology to neuroscience particularly implausible. However, in psychiatry, a mental disorder can involve no brain disorder at all, even when the former crucially depends on aspects of brain structure. Gambling addiction constitutes an example.

Our understanding of neural codes rests on Shannon's foundations

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Gallistel
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Neural Codes ◽  
Flow Of Information

Abstract Shannon's theory lays the foundation for understanding the flow of information from world into brain: There must be a set of possible messages. Brain structure determines what they are. Many messages convey quantitative facts (distances, directions, durations, etc.). It is impossible to consider how neural tissue processes these numbers without first considering how it encodes them.

Excess Weight Lowers Embryo Implantion Rates

Ob Gyn News ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
HEIDI SPLETE
Keyword(s):  
Excess Weight
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