Poetry in the Cerebral Cortex, The Nervous System and the Digestive Tracts: A Study of Romanus Egudu’S Moral Poetry

2006 ◽  
pp. 701-708
Author(s):  
Tony E. Afejuku
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

Changes in the Cortex Neurons in Single and Fractional Gamma Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
I. Ushakov ◽  
Vladimir Fyodorov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fractionated Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: Comparative assessment of radiation-induced changes in neurons of the cerebral cortex after a single and fractionated exposure to ionizing radiation in doses of 0.1 – 1.0 Gy. Material and methods. The study was carried out in compliance with the rules of bioethics on 180 white outbred male rats at the age of 4 months. by the beginning of the experiment, exposed to a single or fractionated exposure to γ-quanta of 60Co in total doses of 0.1; 0.2; 0.5 and 1.0 Gy. Neuromorphological and histochemical methods were used to assess morphometric and tinctorial parameters of nerve cells, as well as changes in the content of protein and nucleic acids in neurons in the early and late periods of the post-radiation period. Using one-way analysis of variance, a comparative assessment of neuromorphological indicators under various modes of radiation exposure is given. Results: In the control and irradiated animals throughout their life, undulating changes in the indicators of the state of the neurons of the brain occur with a gradual decrease by the end of the experiment. Despite a number of features of the dynamics of neuromorphological parameters, these irradiation regimes do not cause functionally significant changes in the neurons of the cortex. However, in some periods of the post-radiation period, the changes under the studied irradiation regimes were multidirectional and did not always correspond to age control. Significant differences in the response of neurons to these modes of radiation exposure in the sensory and motor areas of the cerebral cortex have not been established. Conclusion: No functionally significant radiation-induced changes in neurons were found either with single or fractionated irradiation. At the same time, different modes of irradiation in general caused the same type of changes in neurons. However, in some periods of observation, changes in neuromorphological parameters under the studied irradiation regimes were not unidirectional and differed from age control, which indicates a possible risk of disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system against the background of other harmful and dangerous factors.

Serologic differentiation of peripheral nerves (especially the autonomic nervous system) from the cerebral cortex

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 909-909
Author(s):  
F. Plaut
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

The author showed that the sera obtained by immunizing rabbits with a suspension of n. sympathicus and n. vagus, do not show specific properties when tested with alcoholic extracts from the same nerves; these serums have only the properties of ordinary neuroanti-serums.

Influence of ionizing radiations on the development of the nervous system

1967 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Geets
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Embryonic Period ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Functional Maturation ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Ionizing Radiations

SUMMARYThe first cellular differentiation in the process of segmentation leads to the embryonic period, the major organogenetic period for the nervous system. In man, it appears between the second and the eighth week after conception.During the foetal and perinatal periods, the nervous organization mainly develops at the cerebellum and cerebral cortex levels. The cerebrum functional maturation continues well beyond birth.Neuroblasts are the most widespread mother-cells in the developing nervous system during the embryonic period, but some are still to be found after birth.Animal experiment has demonstrated that ionizing radiations were able to disorganize neurogenesis in any of its maturation stages, even at very low doses. It is possible to establish a chronological table showing the anatomical or functional deformities in relation with the embryonic age at which rays have been given.It appears that in man the most dangerous period is between the beginning of the second and the end of the eighth week after conception. At that moment, pregnancy is often ignored and a dose of 20 to 40 r is sufficient to entail serious damages, such as microcephaly, protrusions of the brain or mental retardation. On drawing near to birth the foetal or neonatal nervous system of rodents or primates is still radiosensitive, especially at the cerebral cortex level and the consequences will be of a neurophysiologic or psychosensorial nature. Certain embryopathies or neurologic alterations would only be apparent in subsequent generations, following mutations induced into the mother-cells of the nervous system. Genetic deformities of the nervous system can also result from moderate irradiations of the gonads.Further to the precise experimental research work on the radiovulnerability of the embryonic or foetal nervous system of the animal, certain clinical observations are presented, which lead to similar conclusions.The atomic bombardments have caused numerous neurological trouble among the children who had been irradiated in utero. And the genetic effects are not yet perfectly known to-date.This set of experimental and clinical data must prompt us to be very careful when using ionizing radiations, even at low doses, in pregnant women and newborn.

scholarly journals Therapeutic significance of hemorrhages in suffering from the nervous system

2021 ◽  
Vol XII (3) ◽  
pp. 246-283
Author(s):  
A. V. Sobolevsky
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Sharp Increase

Orleansky one experiment with strangulation was put on a dog, in which 4 days before that part of the cerebral cortex was removed from both sides, the irritation of which, according to prof. Bekhterev and Mislavsky, produces, as a constant phenomenon, a sharp increase in blood pressure.

Biotransport to the Cerebral Tissues Related to the Vascular Diseases

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Tanishita ◽  
Kazuto Masamoto ◽  
Iwao Kanno ◽  
Hirosuke Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Selective Vulnerability ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sensorimotor Function ◽  
Irreversible Damage

Brain is a highly oxidative organ and its consumption rate of oxygen accounts for 20 percent of that of the whole body. This large consumption rate must be met by continuous supply of oxygen, because lack of oxygen rapidly causes irreversible damage to central nervous system. Acute hypoxic episodes cause a certain pattern of regional damage. Cerebral cortex (e.g., layers III, V, and VI) is one of the most susceptible regions to hypoxia, and damage to sensorimotor function is particularly severe in humans that survive hypoxic/ischemic episodes. However, little is known about whether oxygen transport in intracortical regions relates to such selective vulnerability to hypoxia.

Developmental Overview of Central Neuroanatomy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Mason
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dorsal Telencephalon ◽  
Adult Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

The central nervous system develops from a proliferating tube of cells and retains a tubular organization in the adult spinal cord and brain, including the forebrain. Failure of the neural tube to close at the front is lethal, whereas failure to close the tube at the back end produces spina bifida, a serious neural tube defect. Swellings in the neural tube develop into the hindbrain, midbrain, diencephalon, and telencephalon. The diencephalon sends an outpouching out of the cranium to form the retina, providing an accessible window onto the brain. The dorsal telencephalon forms the cerebral cortex, which in humans is enormously expanded by growth in every direction. Running through the embryonic neural tube is an internal lumen that becomes the cerebrospinal fluid–containing ventricular system. The effects of damage to the spinal cord and forebrain are compared with respect to impact on self and potential for improvement.

The Out-patient Treatment of Early Mental Disorder. The Neurological Clinic, and some of its Functions

1922 ◽  
Vol 68 (283) ◽  
pp. 385-395
Author(s):  
A. Ninian Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Psychological Medicine ◽  
Essential Unity ◽  
Muscle Nerve ◽  
The Many

Among the many important advances which have taken place within recent years in the science of medicine, none have surpassed in value or in extent those affecting the nervous system. One of the principal points which these have established, no matter from what direction the subject has been approached, is the recognition of the essential unity of the sciences of neurology and psychiatry. In the domain of psychological medicine, the researches of Freud and Jung on psychopathology and their theories of the subconscious and its manifestations have provided a common meeting-ground; the investigations of Campbell on the cell lamination of the cerebral cortex, and later of Shaw Bolton, have aimed at the elaboration of a scheme of cerebral function based on clinico-histo-pathological proof; the studies of Elliot Smith on the comparative anatomy of the brain and the development of the cerebral cortex peculiar to the mammalia have demonstrated some of the factors which have contributed to the attainment of man's distinctive mental aptitudes, and eventually made possible the emergence of the human intellectual abilities culminating in the development of speech, and the attainment of intellectual pre-eminence within the human family; equally important is the recognition of the integrative action of the nervous system by Sherrington, and his views on the importance of the simple muscle-nerve preparation in explaining the processes involved in cerebral association and the significance of excitation, inhibition and the latent period; and still more recently we have the investigations and publications of Schafer on the influence of the endocrine glands on the nervous system, and of Mott on the relationship of the reproductive and endocrine glands to mental disease, and the light which this has shown on the ætiology of dementia præcox.

The Physiology of Pain

1974 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 121-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Acupuncture Analgesia ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sensory Fibers

Evidence is presented that the signal that damage has occurred to an animal begins with the activation of receptors which respond specifically to noxious stimuli. In fact, different types of nociceptors are found which respond selectively to different types of damage. The activity of nociceptive sensory fibers influences neurons in the spinal cord which are not activated by other types of somatic stimuli and are thus specific. At higher levels of the nervous system less is known about the physiology of pain and such fundamental questions as the degree to which the cerebral cortex is involved in pain perception have not been answered. It is not known to what extent the mechanisms at higher levels are specific and the significance of convergent systems in which an individual neuron can be excited by a number of different stimuli, both noxious and innocuous, has not been resolved. However, it is argued that the evidence at present most strongly supports the concept that the neural system involved in pain is specific; the activity of neurons in this system either causes pain, or if the level of activity is insufficient, no sensation. Ways in which the activity of this specific system may be modulated are discussed in the context of counterirritation and acupuncture analgesia.

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