Dividing Tumors and Topographical Orientation

2013 ◽  
pp. 45-64
Author(s):  
Helmut Breuninger ◽  
Patrick Adam
Keyword(s):  
Topographical Orientation

Topographische Orientierung bei Patienten mit erworbener Hirnschädigung

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Martina Kindsmüller ◽  
Andrea Kaindl ◽  
Uwe Schuri ◽  
Alf Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Topographical Orientation ◽  
The One ◽  
Behavioral Memory

Topographical Orientation in Patients with Acquired Brain Damage Abstract: A study was conducted to investigate the abilities of topographical orientation in patients with acquired brain damage. The first study investigates the correlation between wayfinding in a hospital setting and various sensory and cognitive deficits as well as the predictability of navigating performance by specific tests, self-rating of orientation ability and rating by staff. The investigation included 35 neuropsychological patients as well as 9 control subjects. Several variables predicted the wayfinding performance reasonably well: memory tests like the one introduced by Muramoto and a subtest of the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test, the Map Reading Test and the rating by hospital staff. Patients with hemianopia experienced significant difficulty in the task.

Topographical orientation.

2006 ◽  
pp. 154-166
Author(s):  
Edwin G. Boring
Keyword(s):  
Topographical Orientation

Predictability of skeletal muscle tension from architectural determinations in guinea pig hindlimbs

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1715-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Powell ◽  
R. R. Roy ◽  
P. Kanim ◽  
M. A. Bello ◽  
V. R. Edgerton
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Topographical Orientation ◽  
Pleural Surface ◽  
Regional Lung ◽  
Airway Opening ◽  
Vertical Height

The position of small metallic markers embedded within the lung parenchyma and glued to the pleural surface of four excised right caudal dog lobes were determined during stepwise deflation from an airway opening pressure of 25 cmH2O in air-filled suspended lobes and 8 cmH2O in saline-filled lobes submerged in saline. Changes in the volumes of tetrahedrons formed by four noncoplanar markers were taken as regional lung volume changes at the centroids of the tetrahedron. In both air- and saline-filled lobes at all volumes below total lobe capacity (TLC) there was considerable variability in regional volume. The variability occurred at the first step below TLC and increased with deflation. Regions behaved consistently; regions that were proportionally larger or smaller than the overall lobe at any step tended to be larger or smaller, respectively, at all steps. There was a significant correlation between the regional behavior of the air- and saline-filled lobes. The variability of regional volume did not follow any clear topographical orientation. These results indicate there is considerable variability of lung compliance within small regions. This heterogeneity of regional parenchymal properties may be the anatomical basis of the nonuniformity of regional ventilation known to occur in intact animals and excised lobes within small regions at the same vertical height.

Left hemisphere strategies in visual recognition, topographical orientation and time planning

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Clarke ◽  
Gil Assal ◽  
Nicolas de Tribolet
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Topographical Orientation ◽  
Time Planning

Virtual Environment for Topographical Orientation (VETO): Clinical Rationale and Technical Characteristics

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bertella ◽  
Stefano Marchi ◽  
Giuseppe Riva
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Direct Perception ◽  
Mapping Procedure ◽  
Spatial Disorientation ◽  
Topographical Orientation ◽  
Topographical Disorientation

The lack of spatial orientation often serves as a warning light for a diffused cerebral impairment, such as the one at the origin of a confusional state or of a mental disorder. Topographical orientation disorders may be the expression of memory or attention deficits, unilateral spatial negligence, or elementary visuoperceptive disorders. In a minority of cases, spatial disorientation presents as an isolated disorder and is the expression of a focal brain lesion. The paper describes the clinical rationale and the technical characteristics of the Virtual Environment for Topographical Orientation (VETO). VETO is used both as a complementary tool for the assessment of topographical orientation disorders and to increase the possibilities of management of these patients from a rehabilitative point of view. VETO is based on the recent theoretical model of wayfinding in virtual environments proposed by Chen and Stanney (1999). This model suggests that wayfinders generally start from the direct perception of the environment or from the recall of a cognitive map. In terms of direct perception of the environment, landmark knowledge is acquired by directly viewing indirect representation such as photographs. In terms of cognitive mapping, procedure/route knowledge is acquired through direct experience or through simulated experience and stored in memory. Our hypothesis is that the study of spatial orientation through specific VETO tasks, both in normal samples and in subjects affected by topographical disorientation, can bring greater comprehension and validation of the cognitive models of spatial orientation present in literature.

Regional differences in expansion in excised dog lung lobes

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1710-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Olson ◽  
J. R. Rodarte
Keyword(s):  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Topographical Orientation ◽  
Pleural Surface ◽  
Regional Lung ◽  
Airway Opening ◽  
Vertical Height ◽  
Lung Lobes

The position of small metallic markers embedded within the lung parenchyma and glued to the pleural surface of four excised right caudal dog lobes were determined during stepwise deflation from an airway opening pressure of 25 cmH2O in air-filled suspended lobes and 8 cmH2O in saline-filled lobes submerged in saline. Changes in the volumes of tetrahedrons formed by four noncoplanar markers were taken as regional lung volume changes at the centroids of the tetrahedron. In both air- and saline-filled lobes at all volumes below total lobe capacity (TLC) there was considerable variability in regional volume. The variability occurred at the first step below TLC and increased with deflation. Regions behaved consistently; regions that were proportionally larger or smaller than the overall lobe at any step tended to be larger or smaller, respectively, at all steps. There was a significant correlation between the regional behavior of the air- and saline-filled lobes. The variability of regional volume did not follow any clear topographical orientation. These results indicate there is considerable variability of lung compliance within small regions. This heterogeneity of regional parenchymal properties may be the anatomical basis of the nonuniformity of regional ventilation known to occur in intact animals and excised lobes within small regions at the same vertical height.

Age and gender differences in various topographical orientation strategies

2011 ◽  
Vol 1410 ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Liu ◽  
Richard M. Levy ◽  
Jason J.S. Barton ◽  
Giuseppe Iaria
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Topographical Orientation ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender

Studies on the activation by dolichol-P-mannose of the biosynthesis of GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol and the topography of the GlcNAc-transferases concerned with the synthesis of GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol and (GlcNAc)2-P-P-dolichol: a review

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Kean
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoma Cell ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Topographical Orientation ◽  
Exogenous Substrate ◽  
Dolichol Pathway ◽  
Mouse Lymphoma

A review is presented of research carried out in this laboratory on two aspects of the dolichol pathway that may have regulatory influences on these events. (i) The validity of the phenomenon of the activation of the biosynthesis of GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol and (GlcNAc)2-P-P-dolichol by dolichol-P-mannose is supported by experiments carried out on the Thy-1-negative mouse lymphoma cell. While this cell cannot synthesize the activating compound, this capacity was retained and revealed upon the addition of exogenous dolichol-P-mannose. (ii) The topographical orientation of the GlcNAc-transferases that catalyze the biosynthesis of GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol and (GlcNAc)2-P-P-dolichol was investigated in microsomes from the liver of the embryonic chick using dolichol phosphate liposomes as an exogenous substrate. The formation of GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol and (GlcNAc)2-P-P-dolichol was inhibited by trypsinization under conditions where the native orientation of the microsome was maintained, as indicated by the latency of mannose-6-phosphatase. Both GlcNAc-lipids were detected on free liposomes after incubation with intact microsomes, and in the same proportions as found on the microsome. From these and other studies, evidence was obtained indicating the cytoplasmic orientation of the GlcNAc-transferases that catalyze the synthesis of the first two intermediates of the dolichol pathway.Key words: dolichol pathway, GlcNAc-lipids, topography, liposomes, Thy-1, dolichol-P-mannose.

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