Liver Tumor-Initiating Cells/Cancer Stem Cells: Past Studies, Current Status, and Future Perspectives

2011 ◽  
pp. 181-196
Author(s):  
Kwan Ho Tang ◽  
Stephanie Ma ◽  
Xin-Yuan Guan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Tumor ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells

scholarly journals The role of steroid hormones in breast cancer stem cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. T177-T186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno M Simões ◽  
Denis G Alferez ◽  
Sacha J Howell ◽  
Robert B Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Normal Mammary Gland ◽  
Breast Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
Unit Of Selection ◽  
Selection For

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are potent tumor-initiating cells in breast cancer, the most common cancer among women. BCSCs have been suggested to play a key role in tumor initiation which can lead to disease progression and formation of metastases. Moreover, BCSCs are thought to be the unit of selection for therapy-resistant clones since they survive conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, irradiation, and hormonal therapy. The importance of the role of hormones for both normal mammary gland and breast cancer development is well established, but it was not until recently that the effects of hormones on BCSCs have been investigated. This review will discuss recent studies highlighting how ovarian steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone, as well as therapies against them, can regulate BCSC activity.

Therapeutic potency of oncolytic virotherapy–induced cancer stem cells targeting in brain tumors, current status, and perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 2766-2773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Bahreyni ◽  
Elnaz Ghorbani ◽  
Hamid Fuji ◽  
Mikhail Ryzhikov ◽  
Majid Khazaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Oncolytic Virotherapy

scholarly journals Cancer stem cells markers associated with development and aggressive phenotype in pancreatic cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-122
Author(s):  
Camila Juliano Salvador Rodrigues ◽  
Elita Ferreira da Silveira ◽  
Rafael da Silveira Vargas ◽  
Giordano Gatti de Giacomo ◽  
Marino Muxfeldt Bianchin
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
New Ideas

Background: Cancer stem cells, also known as tumor-initiating cells, are suggested to be responsible for drug resistance and cancer development due in part to their ability to self-renew themselves and differentiate into heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the role of cancer stem cells in pancreatic cancer. Methods: A retrospective clinicopathological analysis was undertaken in 112 patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma between 2005 and 2010, and immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies against CD133, CD24, and OCT4. Positive nuclear, cytoplasmic or membrane staining for each antibody was rated on staining intensity, being classified into low/moderate or strong staining groups. Results were analyzed relative to each patient’s clinicopathological parameters. Results: There was an established relationship between the staining of the markers with some variables associated with worse prognosis, being the three markers present in most tumor cells and associated with tumor progression. We suppose that cancer stem cells are present from the beginning of tumor initiation and are intrinsically related to tumor development. Although the presence of stem cells has been associated with molecular biology of various tumors, their expression in pancreatic cancer has not yet been clinically reported. Conclusion: The presence of stem cells and their role in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis may be considered as valuable prognostic factors, although the mechanism involved needs further investigation. Increasing insights into role of cancer stem cells and carcinogenesis can ultimately generate new ideas for molecularly based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cell as a novel approach to systemic sclerosis; current status and future perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Abedi ◽  
Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam ◽  
Moloud Payab ◽  
Parisa Goodarzi ◽  
Fereshteh Mohamadi-jahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Contemporary Status

AbstractSystemic sclerosis is a rare chronic autoimmune disease with extensive microvascular injury, damage of endothelial cells, activation of immune responses, and progression of tissue fibrosis in the skin and various internal organs. According to epidemiological data, women’s populations are more susceptible to systemic sclerosis than men. Until now, various therapeutic options are employed to manage the symptoms of the disease. Since stem cell-based treatments have developed as a novel approach to rescue from several autoimmune diseases, it seems that stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells as a powerful regenerative tool can also be advantageous for systemic sclerosis treatment via their remarkable properties including immunomodulatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Accordingly, we discuss the contemporary status and future perspectives of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis.

scholarly journals LSD1/KDM1A, a Gate-Keeper of Cancer Stemness and a Promising Therapeutic Target

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Karakaidos ◽  
John Verigos ◽  
Angeliki Magklara
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Cancer Stemness ◽  
Neuronal Stem Cells ◽  
Lysine Specific Demethylase ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
Exciting Area ◽  
Established Role

A new exciting area in cancer research is the study of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the translational implications for putative epigenetic therapies targeted against them. Accumulating evidence of the effects of epigenetic modulating agents has revealed their dramatic consequences on cellular reprogramming and, particularly, reversing cancer stemness characteristics, such as self-renewal and chemoresistance. Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) plays a well-established role in the normal hematopoietic and neuronal stem cells. Overexpression of LSD1 has been documented in a variety of cancers, where the enzyme is, usually, associated with the more aggressive types of the disease. Interestingly, recent studies have implicated LSD1 in the regulation of the pool of CSCs in different leukemias and solid tumors. However, the precise mechanisms that LSD1 uses to mediate its effects on cancer stemness are largely unknown. Herein, we review the literature on LSD1’s role in normal and cancer stem cells, highlighting the analogies of its mode of action in the two biological settings. Given its potential as a pharmacological target, we, also, discuss current advances in the design of novel therapeutic regimes in cancer that incorporate LSD1 inhibitors, as well as their future perspectives.

Next-generation nanotheranostics targeting cancer stem cells

Nanomedicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 2487-2514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa Reda ◽  
Salma Hosseiny ◽  
Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
Dna Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Opening Up

Cancer is depicted as the most aggressive malignancy and is one the major causes of death worldwide. It originates from immortal tumor-initiating cells called ‘cancer stem cells’ (CSCs). This devastating subpopulation exhibit potent self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation characteristics. Dynamic DNA repair mechanisms can sustain the immortality phenotype of cancer to evade all treatment strategies. To date, current conventional chemo- and radio-therapeutic strategies adopted against cancer fail in tackling CSCs. However, new advances in nanotechnology have paved the way for creating next-generation nanotheranostics as multifunctional smart ‘all-in-one’ nanoparticles. These particles integrate diagnostic, therapeutic and targeting agents into one single biocompatible and biodegradable carrier, opening up new avenues for breakthroughs in early detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer through efficient targeting of CSCs.

Association of ALDH-expressing cancer stem cells with survival in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with adjuvant chemoradiation.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 262-262
Author(s):  
Rachit Kumar ◽  
Avani Satish Dholakia ◽  
Joseph M. Herman ◽  
Anirban Maitra ◽  
William H. Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
Radiology Reports

262 Background: We and others have identified aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity as a marker of pancreatic cancer stem cells (or tumor-initiating cells). The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been associated with decreased survival and treatment resistance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We investigate the role of ALDH expression in predicting survival and patterns of disease recurrence in patients treated with chemoradiation (CRT) following pancreatectomy. Methods: Tissue microarrays using surgical specimens from 1998 to 2002 were stained for ALDH1 and scored as ALDH-positive or ALDH-negative by two expert pancreatic pathologists blinded to patient outcomes. Physician documentation and radiology reports were used to determine follow-up information. Time to local failure (TLF), time to distant metastases (TDM), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Previously we found that ALDH expression was associated with worse OS in a cohort of 269 patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Rasheed, JNCI 2009). From this cohort, adjuvant treatment information was available for 87 patients with ALDH-negative tumors (48.6%) and 41 patients with ALDH-positive tumors (45.6%). In patients treated with adjuvant CRT, median overall survival was superior in the ALDH-negative cohort vs. the ALDH-positive cohort, 26.3 months vs. 18.2 months (p=0.011). Further, in patients treated with adjuvant CRT, ALDH-negative patients had statistically greater TLF, TDM, and PFS than their ALDH-positive counterparts (see table). On multivariate analysis, ALDH positive tumor staining (HR 1.94, p=0.004) and tumor grade (HR 1.54, p=0.041) predicted lower OS, and ALDH positive tumor staining (HR 1.83, p=0.008), tumor grade (HR 1.52, p=0.038), and tumor size >3 cm (HR 1.65, p=0.023) predicted decreased PFS. Conclusions: This study suggests that adjuvant CRT improves TLF, TDM, PFS, and OS in patients with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma not enriched with ALDH-expressing CSCs. Laboratory studies will help elucidate the mechanisms of treatment resistance in ALDH expressing CSCs.

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