Morphological Trends and Phylogenetic Relationships from Middle Miocene Hominoids to Late Pliocene Hominids

1983 ◽  
pp. 705-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Boaz
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Miocene Hominoids

scholarly journals Polyphase tectonic evolution of the Aksu Basin, Isparta Angle (Southern Turkey)

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Üner ◽  
Erman Özsayin ◽  
Alkor Kutluay ◽  
Kadir Dirik
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Initial Deformation ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
The North ◽  
Isparta Angle ◽  
Extensional Tectonic ◽  
Southern Turkey ◽  
Basin Fill

Abstract The Aksu Basin, within the Isparta Angle, is located to the north of the intersection of the Aegean and Cyprus arcs and has been evolving since the Middle Miocene. Correlation of: (1) kinematic analysis of fault planes that cut the basin fill, (2) the reactivation/inversion of fault planes and (3) sedimentological data indicate that the Aksu Basin has evolved by four alternating compressional and extensional tectonic phases since its formation. The first phase was NW-SE oriented compression caused by the emplacement of the Lycian Nappe units which ended in Langhian. This compressional phase that induced the formation and the initial deformation of the basin was followed by a NW-SE extensional phase. This tectonic phase prevailed between the Langhian and Messinian and was terminated by a NE-SW compressional regime known as the Aksu Phase. The neotectonic period is characterized by NE-SW extension and began in the Late Pliocene. Correlation with the existing tectonic literature shows that the order of deformational phases proposed in this study might also be valid for the entire Isparta Angle area.

scholarly journals First Record of Postcranial Bones in Devinophoca emryi (Carnivora, Phocidae, Devinophocinae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Rahmat ◽  
I. Koretsky
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
First Record ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Terminal Branch ◽  
Postcranial Morphology ◽  
Geological Age

Abstract The Devinophoca emryi material from the early Badenian, early Middle Miocene (16.26–14.89 Ma) presents mixed cranial and especially postcranial characters with the three extant phocid subfamilies (Cystophorinae, Monachinae and Phocinae), as well as unique postcranial characters not seen in any taxa. These distinguishing characters (i. e. well-outlined, large oval facet on greater tubercle of humerus; broader width between the head and lesser tubercle of humerus; femoral proximal epiphysis larger than distal; thin innominate ilium that is excavated on ventral surface) demonstrate that this material belongs to a recently described species (D. emryi). During ecomorphotype analyses, fossil humerus and femur bones were directly associated with their corresponding mandible to reveal associations based on Recent morphological analogues. Strong correlation between ecomorphotypes and postcranial morphology supports placement of this material to D. emryi and not its sister taxon, D. claytoni. The previously described skull, mandible and teeth and postcranial bones described herein were discovered at the same locality during excavations at the base of the Malé Karpaty Mountains (Slovakia), at the junction of the Morava and Danube rivers. The geological age of D. emryi and the presence of mixed characters strongly suggest that this species was an early relative to the ancestor of seals, possibly being a terminal branch of the phocid tree. This material allows for emended diagnoses of the species, updated assessments of geographical distribution and provides further material for clarification of controversial phylogenetic relationships in Phocidae.

scholarly journals Geological stories from the journey of mollusks fossils in Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-74
Author(s):  
Aswan Aswan
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Restricted Environment ◽  
Regional Sea Level ◽  
Almost All

The journey began in the Eocene with the presence of mollusk fossil in the Nanggulan Formation (near Yogyakarta) in Central Java. Many experts believe this was the early part of the Tethys system which might still be connected to the Tethys system in Europe.The oldest mollusk fossils type locality after Nanggulan is the Early Miocene Jonggrangan Formation in Kulon Progo near the city of Yogyakarta, which is dominated by the gastropod Haustator specimen. Molluscan paleontological studies of this type of locality reflect a restricted environment with less influence of the Tethyan system. Haustator are considered as the ancestor of the Turritellidae group, which is found mostly on Java Island, during the younger Tertiary to Quaternary Periods.The story continued to the Middle Miocene where the Tethyan realms indication was clearly observed by the presence of some typical Tethys species such as Volema and Babylonia from Nyalindung Formation, West Java. The regional sea level rise in this epoch (around 12 Ma) that was indicated by the presence of Vicarya as an index fossil, which occurrence was due to land submerging to become mangroves area. The fossil then quickly become extinct when the sea level dropped back.Late Miocene to Pliocene was like the transition period from the Tethyan realm to the Pacific realm, where the Tethyan fauna was no longer present. Only evolutional traces of the Middle Miocene mollusk fossils were observed. This continuous evolution is most clearly seen in Turritella cramatensis (late Miocene), Turritella acuticarinata (early Pliocene) and Turritella cikumpaiensis (late Pliocene) which was interpreted to have originated from Turritella angulata as their ancestors.Earth cooling environment that happened in the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene has led the diversity and evolution of a new group of mollusks, most clearly observed from the abundance of Turritella bantamensis in the Bojong Formation, Banten. The new Turritella group has a curved whorl that different from its predecessor with an angled whorl shape.Plio-Pleistocene tectonics event has ended the period of Java marine mollusks domination, then only freshwater mollusk fossils can be found in almost all Quaternary mollusks-bearing deposits. 

Phylogeny of the rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia : Macropodidae) based on DNA/DNA hybridisation

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Campeau-Péloquin ◽  
John A. W. Kirsch ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
François-Joseph Lapointe
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Full Species ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Dna Hybridisation ◽  
Hybridisation Analysis

DNA/DNA hybridisation analysis was undertaken to resolve the phylogenetic relationships within the chromosomally diverse genus Petrogale. Excepting P. concinna, all full species and three subspecies of P. lateralis were examined; all but four of these 16 taxa were labeled, as were four outgroup species. While demonstrating the ability of the technique to resolve relationships at the species level, our study confirmed that divergence of Petrogale species is recent and occurred during the late Pliocene to mid-Pleistocene. Our data placed the first division within Petrogale species between the monophyletic brachyotis group and the paraphyletic xanthopus plus lateralis/penicillata groups, the latter including P. rothschildi; the subspecies P. l. purpureicollisappears to be intermediate between thelateralis and thepenicillata complexes. However, our data could not resolve most relationships amongst the eastern Petrogale radiation, except for a probable grouping of the species P. herberti,P. inornata,P. penicillata, andP. sharmani. Finally, our results support recent suggestions that Dendrolagus rather than Thylogaleis the sister taxon to Petrogale.

scholarly journals THE PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE DROSOPHILA ROBUSTA GROUP

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-350
Author(s):  
Yamuna Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
The United States ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Ancestral Species ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Drosophila Robusta

ABSTRACT The phylogenetic relationships among the species of the D. robusta group were investigated by the analysis of chromosomal differences. Six of the ten known members of the D. robusta group were available for the study: D. colorata and D. robusta from the United States, and D. sordidula,  D. pseudosordidula,  D. lacertosa, and D, moriwakii from Japan. Analysis of the metaphase chromosomes from larval ganglion cells suggests that D. moriwakii and D. colorata, with rod-shaped X-chromosomes, are the more ancestral species, while D. sordidula,  D. pseudosordidula,  D. robusta, and D. lacertosa, with Vshaped X-chromosomes, are derived. The ancestral position of D. colorata and D. moriwakii is further strengthened by the fact that these are the two species in the D. robusta group that are cytologically closest to D. nigromelanica of the related D. melanica group. Of the four derived species, D. sordidula was found to be the closest to the ancestral species. The phylogeny based on the analysis of the gene sequences in the homologous chromosomes agreed with that indicated by the metaphase chromosomes. Since all attempts to obtain hybrids were unsuccessful except for the cross involving D. moriwakii females and D. colorata males, photographic maps of the salivary chromosomes were used to determine homology between the chromosomes of the different species. Evidence is presented to indicate that the D. robusta group originated in Asia (Japan), and that there were two migrations to the New World, the first leading to D. robusta, and the second to D. colorata. It is suggested that the route of migrations was across the Bering Land Bridge, and further, that the migrations occurred during the period from late Oligocene to middle Miocene, 20-25 million years ago.

scholarly journals First occurrence of the giant shark Carcharocles megalodon (Agassiz, 1843) (Lamniformes; Otodontidae) at Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Julieta De Pasqua ◽  
Federico Agnolin ◽  
Alexis M. Aranciaga Rolando ◽  
Sergio Bogan ◽  
Diego Gambetta
Keyword(s):  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
First Record ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Regional Geology ◽  
The World ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Juvenile Individual

Carcharocles megalodon is considered a macropredatory shark that inhabited the seas around the world from middle Miocene to late Pliocene. In Argentina, it has only been formally recorded at two localities. Here, we report the first record for this taxon in the Buenos Aires Province. This occurrence is based on an isolated tooth recovered on the beach at the Punta Médanos locality, which lacks clear stratigraphic context. Based on the regional geology, the specimen probably came from Pliocene beds. Its size indicates that it probably belongs to a juvenile individual. Keywords: Carcharocles megalodon, macropredatory shark, fossil teeth, Mar de Ajó.

scholarly journals A genomic exploration of the early evolution of extant cats and their sabre-toothed relatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Michael V Westbury ◽  
Ross Barnett ◽  
Marcela Sandoval-Velasco ◽  
Graham Gower ◽  
Filipe Garrett Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
South America ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Grade Group ◽  
Dna Preservation

Background: The evolutionary relationships of Felidae during their Early–Middle Miocene radiation is contentious. Although the early common ancestors have been subsumed under the grade-group Pseudaelurus, this group is thought to be paraphyletic, including the early ancestors of both modern cats and extinct sabretooths. Methods: Here, we sequenced a draft nuclear genome of Smilodon populator, dated to 13,182 ± 90 cal BP, making this the oldest palaeogenome from South America to date, a region known to be problematic for ancient DNA preservation. We analysed this genome, together with genomes from other extinct and extant cats to investigate their phylogenetic relationships. Results: We confirm a deep divergence (~20.65 Ma) within sabre-toothed cats. Through the analysis of both simulated and empirical data, we show a lack of gene flow between Smilodon and contemporary Felidae. Conclusions: Given that some species traditionally assigned to Pseudaelurus originated in the Early Miocene ~20 Ma, this indicates that some species of Pseudaelurus may be younger than the lineages they purportedly gave rise to, further supporting the hypothesis that Pseudaelurus was paraphyletic.

scholarly journals Three new fossil records of Equisetum (Equisetaceae) from the Neogene of south-western China and northern Vietnam

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aye Thida Aung ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Truong Van Do ◽  
Ai Song ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Western China ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Three fossil species of Equisetum (Equisetaceae) were reported from the Neogene of south-western China and northern Vietnam, based on well-preserved rhizomes with tubers. Equisetum cf. pratense Ehrhart from the middle Miocene of Zhenyuan County, Yunnan Province, China is characterised by a bunch of three ovate tubers with longitudinal ridges on the surface. Equisetum yenbaiense A.T. Aung, T. Su, T.V. Do & Z.K. Zhou, sp. nov. from the late Miocene of Yenbai Province, Vietnam is characterised by four bunches of elongate tubers arranged in a whorl on a node. Equisetum yongpingense A.T. Aung, T. Su & Z.K. Zhou, sp. nov. from the late Pliocene of Yunnan is characterised by fibrous roots on most nodes and two to four bunches of large cylindrical tubers arranged in a whorl on a node. Floristic assemblages suggest that these species might have grown near a riverside or lakeshore. These new fossil records improve our understanding of species richness of Equisetum and their distribution range during the Neogene in Asia.

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