Spinal Vascular Malformations

2022 ◽  
pp. 439-456
Author(s):  
R. Christopher Spears ◽  
Justin F. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Spinal Vascular Malformations

scholarly journals Clinical and angioarchitectural characteristics of spinal vascular malformations of the cervical spine

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Brinjikji ◽  
Elisa Colombo ◽  
Giuseppe Lanzino
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Lower Extremity Weakness ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Spinal Vascular Malformations ◽  
Interventional Neuroradiologist

OBJECTIVEVascular malformations of the cervical spine are exceedingly rare. To date there have been no large case series describing the clinical presentation and angioarchitectural characteristics of cervical spine vascular malformations. The authors report their institutional case series on cervical spine vascular malformations diagnosed and treated at their institution.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed all patients with spinal vascular malformations from their institution from January 2001 to December 2018. Patients with vascular malformations of the cervical spine were included. Lesions were characterized by their angioarchitectural characteristics by an interventional neuroradiologist and endovascular neurosurgeon. Data were collected on clinical presentation, imaging findings, treatment outcomes, and long-term follow-up. Descriptive statistics are reported.RESULTSOf a total of 213 patients with spinal vascular malformations, 27 (12.7%) had vascular malformations in the cervical spine. The mean patient age was 46.1 ± 21.9 years and 16 (59.3%) were male. The most common presentations were lower-extremity weakness (13 patients, 48.1%), tetraparesis (8 patients, 29.6%), and lower-extremity sensory dysfunction (7 patients, 25.9%). Nine patients (33.3%) presented with hemorrhage. Fifteen patients (55.6%) had modified Rankin Scale scores of 0–2 at the time of diagnosis. Regarding angioarchitectural characteristics, 8 patients (29.6%) had intramedullary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), 5 (18.5%) had epidural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), 4 (14.8%) had paraspinal fistulas, 4 (14.8%) had mixed epidural/intradural fistulas, 3 (11.1%) had perimedullary AVMs, 2 (7.4%) had dural fistulas, and 1 patient (3.7%) had a perimedullary AVF.CONCLUSIONSThis retrospective study of 27 patients with cervical spine vascular malformations is the largest series to date on these lesions. The authors found substantial angioarchitectural heterogeneity with the most common types being intramedullary AVMs followed by epidural AVFs, paraspinal fistulas, and mixed intradural/extradural fistulas. Angioarchitecture dictated the clinical presentation as intradural shunts were more likely to present with hemorrhage and acute onset myelopathy, while dural and extradural shunts presented as either incidental lesions or gradually progressive congestive myelopathy.

Spinal Vascular Malformations

2011 ◽  
pp. 4167-4202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron S. Dumont ◽  
Edward H. Oldfield
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Spinal Vascular Malformations

scholarly journals The contributions of Otto Hebold and Julius Gaupp to the study of spinal vascular malformations: Original documents and historical context

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 604-612
Author(s):  
Philippe Gailloud
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Spinal Vascular Malformation ◽  
Spinal Vascular Malformations

Book chapters and journal articles dealing with spinal cord vascular malformations often reference Otto Hebold and Julius Gaupp, but frequently misrepresent the observations published by the two German authors in the late 19th century. The purpose of this paper is to provide a better appreciation of these important contributions based on abridged translations of original documents set in their historical context, notably regarding the landmark works of Brasch, Raymond and Cestan, and Lindenmann. It is concluded that Gaupp offered the first reliable description of a perimedullary arteriovenous fistula while the lesion reported by Hebold was not a spinal vascular malformation.

scholarly journals Introduction: Spinal Vascular Malformations

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. E1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward H. Oldfield
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Spinal Vascular Malformations ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Selective Arteriography ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Made In

From the earliest observations of spinal vascular malformations, successful management has been challenging. Initially the challenges were diagnosing, understanding, and treating these lesions. They were originally considered all to be the same, or at least to be a single general type, of disease. With the introduction of selective spinal arteriography in the 1960s and more recently with the introduction and widespread use of MR imaging, the initial challenge of diagnosing spinal vascular malformations was overcome, and significant progress has been made in understanding their anatomy as well as the pathophysiology that underlies the myelopathy commonly associated with them. The anatomical features defined by selective arteriography and the observations permitted with the operating microscope ultimately led to distinctions between the major categories of the vascular lesions affecting the spinal cord; these distinctions were based on the lesions' anatomy, epidemiology, and the mechanism of spinal cord injury.

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