Bioactive Oxidised Products of Omega-6 and Omega-3, Excess Oxidative Stress, Oxidised Dietary Intake and Antioxidant Nutrient Deficiencies, in the Context of a Modern Diet

2016 ◽  
pp. 349-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Andrew Brown
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

scholarly journals Dietary and Serum Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acids Are Associated with Physical and Metabolic Function in Stroke Survivors

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Monica C. Serra ◽  
Alice S. Ryan ◽  
Charlene E. Hafer-Macko ◽  
Manuel Yepes ◽  
Fadi B. Nahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Intake Ratio

The purpose of this study was to quantify habitual dietary and systemic omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids and their ratios and to determine their relationship with physical and metabolic function in a cohort of chronic adult stroke survivors. Twenty-five older chronic stroke survivors (age: 63 ± 8 years; BMI: 31 ± 7 kg/m2; mean ± SD) were assessed for fitness (VO2peak), gait speed (GS), 3 m timed up and go (TUG), and six-minute walk distance (6MWD). Plasma lipid and glucose profiles were measured, and HOMA-IR calculated. Dietary (5-day food records) and serum (mass spectrometry) omega-6/omega-3 profiles were assessed. Participants were severely deconditioned (VO2peak: 19 ± 4 mL/kg/min; GS: 0.88 ± 0.28 m/s; TUG: 12.6 ± 5.9 s; 6MWD: 295 ± 121 m) and at elevated metabolic risk (HOMA-IR: 6.3 ± 4.5). The dietary intake ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids averaged 12.6 ± 7.1 and the serum concentration ratio was 1.21 ± 0.37, which were correlated (r = 0.88, p < 0.01). Higher dietary intake and serum concentrations of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids were associated with lower 6MWD and higher HOMA-IR, while a higher serum omega-6/omega-3 concentration index was associated with lower VO2peak (p’s < 0.05). These preliminary data suggest that both dietary omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids (quantitated as their intake ratio) and the serum concentration ratio of omega-6/omega-3 may be important indices of physical dysfunction and insulin resistance in chronic stroke survivors.

scholarly journals The Roles of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and the Gut-Brain Axis in Treatment Refractory Depression in Youth: Complementary and Integrative Medicine Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah R. Simkin ◽  
L. Eugene Arnold ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Methyl Donors ◽  
Refractory Depression ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Teen depression and suicide rates have risen despite conventional treatments. This article reviews adjunctive interventions that may improve outcomes. A search of the National Library of Medicine database used tailored searches with combinations of specific terms. Modern lifestyle is associated with increased inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to, for instance, hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which promotes depression. Inflammation also increases oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, also associated with depression. Diets with less probiotic-containing fermented foods change the microbiome and decrease the bio-availability of mood-regulating B vitamins crucial to neurotransmitter production. Vitamin D deficiency allows increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and disrupts mitochondrial function and monoamine production. Deficiencies/insufficiencies of magnesium, Vitamin D, and B vitamins correlate with depression severity. Deficiencies of the folate and methylation cycles may lead to treatment-resistant depression. Imbalance of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid intake allows more pro-inflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes) from omega-6 than anti-inflammatory eicosanoids from omega-3. Refractory youth depression may be linked to abnormalities in functional biological systems, with excessive inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut-brain issues. Mediterranean diet, vitamins/minerals, omega-3 fatty acids, methyl donors, meditation, and exercise are worth considering as adjunctive treatments. More research is needed.

Aluminium-Induced Behavioral Changes and Oxidative Stress in Developing Rat Brain and the Possible Ameliorating Role of Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imene Benyettou ◽  
Omar Kharoubi ◽  
Nouria Hallal ◽  
Hadj Ali Benyettou ◽  
Kaddour Tair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Developing Rat ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Endurance Cycling Is Reduced Dose-Dependently after One Month of Re-Esterified DHA Supplementation

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Lydia de Salazar ◽  
Antonio Torregrosa-García ◽  
Antonio J. Luque-Rubia ◽  
Vicente Ávila-Gandía ◽  
Joan Carles Domingo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Dose Dependent

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation can reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress generated during long aerobic exercise, with the minimum dose yet to be elucidated for physically active subjects. In this study, we performed a dose finding with re-esterified DHA in triglyceride form in a randomized double-blind parallel trial at different doses (350, 1050, 1750, and 2450 mg a day) for 4 weeks in males engaged in regular cycling (n = 100, 7.6 ± 3.7 h/week). The endogenous antioxidant capacity of DHA was quantified as a reduction in the levels of the oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) recollected in 24-h urine samples after 90 min of constant load cycling before and after intervention. To ascertain incorporation of DHA, erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition was compared along groups. We found a dose-dependent antioxidant capacity of DHA from 1050 mg with a trend to neutralization for the highest dose of 2450 mg (placebo: n = 13, F = 0.041; 350 mg: n = 10, F = 0.268; 1050 mg: n = 11, F = 7.112; 1750 mg: n = 12, F = 9.681; 2450 mg: n = 10, F = 15.230). In the erythrocyte membrane, the re-esterified DHA increased DHA and omega-3 percentage and decreased omega 6 and the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, while Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and PUFA remained unchanged. Supplementation of re-esterified DHA exerts a dose-dependent endogenous antioxidant property against moderate-intensity long-duration aerobic exercise in physically active subjects when provided at least 1050 mg a day for 4 weeks.

scholarly journals Patterns of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Dietary Intake and Melanoma Thickness at Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647-1653
Author(s):  
Yahya Mahamat-Saleh ◽  
Maria Celia B. Hughes ◽  
Kyoko Miura ◽  
Maryrose K. Malt ◽  
Lena von Schuckmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

Fighting Oxidative Stress: Increased Resistance of Male Rat Cerebellum at Weaning Induced by Low Omega 6/Omega 3 Ratio in a Protein-Deficient Diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricielle Lopes Augusto ◽  
Alinny Rosendo Isaac ◽  
Ivanildo Inácio da Silva-Júnior ◽  
David Filipe de Santana ◽  
Diorginis José Soares Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Rat Cerebellum ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet

scholarly journals 4-Hydroxy-2,3-nonenal as a signal for cell function and differentiation.

1999 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M U Dianzani ◽  
G Barrera ◽  
M Parola
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Clinical Conditions

4-Hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE) is a biologically active aldehydic end product of oxidative decomposition of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids of membrane phospholipids, a process referred to as lipid peroxidation. HNE has been detected in several experimental and clinical conditions in which oxidative stress has been reported to occur and several authors have suggested that HNE and related 4-hydroxy-2,3-alkenals (HAKs) of different chain length may act not only as toxic and mutagenic mediators of oxidative stress-related injury but also as biological signals in normal and pathological conditions. In this paper we will review the literature supporting the concept that HNE and HAKs may act as signal molecules able to modulate biological events such as chemotaxis, signal transduction, gene expression, cell proliferation and cell differentiation.

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