The Impact of Conditional Cash Transfers in Reducing HIV in Adolescent Girls and Boys (RHIVA): The CAPRISA 007 Matched Pair, Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial

2017 ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilton Humphries ◽  
Ayesha B. M. Kharsany ◽  
Kerry Leask ◽  
Fanelesibonge Ntombela ◽  
Quarraisha Abdool Karim
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Full title: My Baby’s Movements: a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial of a fetal movement awareness intervention to reduce stillbirths

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Flenady ◽  
Glen Gardener ◽  
David Ellwood ◽  
Michael Coory ◽  
Megan Weller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
Stepped Wedge ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Impact

Objective The My Baby’s Movements (MBM) trial aimed to evaluate the impact on stillbirth rates of a multifaceted awareness package (MBM intervention). Design Stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial. Setting Twenty-seven maternity hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. Population Women with a singleton pregnancy without major fetal anomaly ≥28 weeks’ gestation from August 2016-May 2019. Methods The MBM intervention was implemented at randomly assigned time points with sequential introduction into 8 clusters of 3-5 hospitals at four-monthly intervals. The stillbirth rate was compared in the control and intervention periods. Generalised linear mixed models controlled for calendar time, clustering, and hospital effects. Outcome Measures Stillbirth at ≥28 weeks’ gestation. Results There were 304,853 births with 290,219 meeting inclusion criteria: 150,079 in control and 140,140 in intervention periods. The stillbirth rate during the intervention was lower than the control period (2.2/1000 births versus 2.4, odds ratio [OR] 0.91, 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] 0.78-1.06, p=0.22). The decrease was larger across calendar time with 2.7/1000 in the first 18 months versus 2.0/1000 in the last 18 months (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.63-0.86; p≤0.01). Following adjustment, stillbirth rates between the control and intervention periods were not significantly different: (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 0.93-1.50; p=0.18). No increase in secondary outcomes, including obstetric intervention or adverse neonatal outcome, was evident. Conclusion The MBM intervention did not reduce stillbirths beyond the downward trend over time, suggesting hospitals may have implemented best practice in DFM management outside their randomisation schedule. The role of interventions for raising awareness of DFM remains unclear

scholarly journals Cluster randomised controlled trial of an online intervention to prevent ecstasy and new psychoactive substance use among adolescents: final results and implications for implementation

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e020433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina E Champion ◽  
Nicola Clare Newton ◽  
Lexine Stapinski ◽  
Maree Teesson
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Online Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of the onlineClimate Schools: Ecstasy and Emerging Drugs moduleover 2 years, and examine the impact of intervention dose on outcomes.DesignCluster randomised controlled trial.SettingSecondary schools in Australia.Participants1126 students (aged 14.9 years) from 11 schools.InterventionFive schools were randomly allocated to the four-lesson internet-basedClimate Schools: Ecstasy and Emerging Drugsmodule. This universal intervention uses cartoon storylines to deliver harm-minimisation information about ecstasy and new psychoactive substances (NPS). It was delivered during health education classes over 4 weeks. Six schools were randomised to the control group (health education as usual). Participants were not blinded to intervention allocation.Outcomes measuresStudents completed self-report surveys at baseline, post-test, 6, 12 and 24 months post-baseline. Intentions to use ecstasy and NPS (including synthetic cannabis and synthetic stimulants), knowledge about ecstasy and NPS and lifetime use of ecstasy and NPS were assessed. This paper reports the results at 24 months post-baseline.AnalysisMixed effects regressions were conducted to analyse intervention effects from baseline to 24 months. Post hoc analyses using Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting compared controls with students who: i) completed all four lessons (‘full dose’) and ii) partially completed the intervention (≤three lessons, ‘incomplete dose’).ResultsPrimary analyses found that controls were significantly more likely to intend on using synthetic cannabis compared with intervention group students (OR=3.56, p=0.01). Results from the weighted analyses indicated that controls reported significantly lower knowledge about ecstasy (p=0.001) and NPS (p=0.04) compared with the full-dose group. No significant differences were observed between the incomplete dose and control groups.ConclusionsThe online intervention was effective in modifying students’ intentions to use synthetic cannabis up to 24 months; however, this study highlights the importance of delivering prevention programmes in full to maximise student outcomes.Trial registration numberACTRN12613000708752.

scholarly journals Effect of a home-based health, nutrition and responsive stimulation intervention and conditional cash transfers on child development and growth: a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e005086
Author(s):  
Christopher R Sudfeld ◽  
Lilia Bliznashka ◽  
Geofrey Ashery ◽  
Aisha K Yousafzai ◽  
Honorati Masanja
Keyword(s):  
Home Visiting ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Child Cognitive Development

IntroductionEvidence on the effects of community health worker (CHW) interventions and conditional cash transfers (CCTs) on child growth and development in sub-Saharan Africa remains sparse.MethodsWe conducted a single-blind, cluster-randomised controlled trial of an integrated home-visiting health, nutrition and responsive stimulation intervention alone and in combination with CCTs to promote antenatal and child clinic attendance from 2017 to 2019 in rural Morogoro Region, Tanzania. Pregnant women and caregivers with a child <1 year of age were enrolled. Twelve villages were randomised to either (1) CHW (n=200 participants), (2) CHW+CCT (n=200) or (3) control (n=193). An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted for the primary trial outcomes of child cognitive, language and motor development assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and child length/height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) at 18 months of follow-up.ResultsThe CHW and CHW+CCT interventions had beneficial effects on child cognitive development as compared with control (standardised mean difference (SMD): 0.15, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.24, and SMD: 0.18, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.28, respectively). The CHW+CCT intervention also had positive effects on language (SMD: 0.08, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.15) and motor (SMD: 0.16, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.28) development. Both CHW and CHW+CCT interventions had no effect on HAZ in the primary analysis; however, there were statistically significant positive effects in multivariable analyses. The CHW+CCT group (mean difference: 3.0 visits, 95% CI 2.1 to 4.0) and the CHW group (mean difference: 1.5 visits, 95% CI 0.6 to 2.5) attended greater number of child health and growth monitoring clinic visits as compared to the control group.ConclusionIntegrated CHW home-visiting interventions can improve child cognitive development and may have positive effects on linear growth. Combining CHW with CCT may provide additional benefits on clinic visit attendance and selected child development outcomes.Trial registration numberISRCTN10323949.

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