The chapter begins by discussing the visual pathway and pupil reflex anatomy and cranial nerve anatomy, before covering the key clinical skills, namely neuro-ophthalmology history taking, neuro-ophthalmology examination, and neuroimaging. It then covers the key areas of clinical knowledge, including chiasmal visual pathway disorders, retrochiasmal visual pathway disorders, optic nerve disorders, papilloedema and idiopathic intracranial hypertension, congenital optic nerve disorders, cranial nerve palsies, nystagmus, supranuclear eye movement disorders, pupil abnormalities, headache, non-organic visual loss, neuromuscular junction disorders, and ocular myopathies. The chapter concludes with five case-based discussions, on acute visual loss, sudden-onset diplopia, headache, anisocoria, and nystagmus.