Value of Additional Measurements During Exercise Testing: Oxygen Consumption, Blood Pressure, and Cardiac Output

1982 ◽  
pp. 58-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. R. Detry ◽  
P. Mairiaux ◽  
K. Kandouci ◽  
P. Mengeot ◽  
J. Melin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Exercise Testing

IMMEDIATE HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF ISOPROTERENOL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1949-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Beznák ◽  
P. Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Histological Damage

Subcutaneous injection of 40 mg/kg isoproterenol is followed within 2 minutes by a fall in blood pressure and peripheral resistance, by tachycardia, and by an increase in cardiac output. It seems likely that these hemodynamic changes are a consequence of a direct action of isoproterenol on the myocardium. Isoproterenol also causes a significant increase in the oxygen consumption of the rats. The increased oxygen demand of the tissues may play a role in maintaining the hemodynamic changes for periods of more than an hour after isoproterenol. Signs of histological damage in the myocardium begin to appear without affecting the function of the cardiovascular system, as measured by the tests used.

Systemic hemodynamic determinants of blood pressure in women: age, physical activity, and hormone replacement

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. H777-H785 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Hunt ◽  
K. P. Davy ◽  
P. P. Jones ◽  
C. A. DeSouza ◽  
R. E. Van Pelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Systemic Hemodynamic ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hemodynamic Determinants

We tested the hypothesis that the age-related changes in systemic hemodynamic determinants of arterial blood pressure in healthy women are related to physical activity and hormone replacement status. We studied 66 healthy, normotensive premenopausal (21-35 yr) and postmenopausal (50-72 yr) sedentary and endurance-trained women under supine resting conditions. Mean blood pressure was 7 mmHg higher in sedentary post- compared with premenopausal women, which was associated with an 11-mmHg higher systolic blood pressure, a 25% lower stroke volume and cardiac output, and a 50% higher systemic vascular resistance (all P < 0.05). Absolute (ml) levels of total blood volume did not differ across age, but resting oxygen consumption was approximately 35% lower in the postmenopausal women (P < 0.05). The elevations in mean and systolic blood pressures with age were similar in endurance-trained runners, but, in contrast to the sedentary women, the elevations were not associated with significant age-related differences in cardiac output, stroke volume, or oxygen consumption, and only a modest (15%) increase in systemic vascular resistance (P = 0.06). Postmenopausal swimmers demonstrated the same systemic hemodynamic profile as that of postmenopausal runners, indicating a nonspecific influence of the endurance-trained state. Blood pressure and its systemic hemodynamic determinants did not differ in postmenopausal users compared with those of nonusers of hormone replacement therapy. Resting oxygen consumption was the strongest physiological correlate of cardiac output in the overall population (r = 0.65, P < 0.001). We conclude that 1) the increases in arterial blood pressure at rest with age in healthy normotensive women are not obviously related to habitual physical activity status; 2) the systemic hemodynamic determinants of the age-related elevations in blood pressure are fundamentally different in sedentary vs. active women, possibly due, in part, to an absence of decline in resting oxygen consumption in the latter; and 3) systemic hemodynamics at rest are not different in healthy normotensive postmenopausal users vs. nonusers of estrogen-based hormone replacement.

IMMEDIATE HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF ISOPROTERENOL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1949-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Beznák ◽  
P. Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Histological Damage

Subcutaneous injection of 40 mg/kg isoproterenol is followed within 2 minutes by a fall in blood pressure and peripheral resistance, by tachycardia, and by an increase in cardiac output. It seems likely that these hemodynamic changes are a consequence of a direct action of isoproterenol on the myocardium. Isoproterenol also causes a significant increase in the oxygen consumption of the rats. The increased oxygen demand of the tissues may play a role in maintaining the hemodynamic changes for periods of more than an hour after isoproterenol. Signs of histological damage in the myocardium begin to appear without affecting the function of the cardiovascular system, as measured by the tests used.

The Relationship between Oxygen Delivery and Consumption in the Conscious Rat before and after Expansion of Body Fluid Volumes

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ledingham ◽  
S. Gofford ◽  
S. J. W. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Oxygen Consumption And Delivery

1. Oxygen consumption and delivery (defined as the product of cardiac output, haemoglobin concentration and arterial oxygen saturation) and haemodynamic variables were examined in the conscious resting rat throughout the day and after the expansion of body fluid volumes. Cardiac output was measured in arbitrary units by electromagnetic flowmetry and oxygen consumption by respirometry. 2. The variability of blood pressure in the basal state was significantly less than that of cardiac output. 3. Oxygen consumption was significantly correlated with cardiac output and oxygen delivery. 4. In studies undertaken throughout the day, both oxygen consumption and delivery fell in the afternoon and there was evidence that the relationship between these two variables was curvi- rather than recti-linear. 5. During oral sodium chloride administration for 7 days, blood pressure rose and some evidence was found for an alteration in the relationship between oxygen consumption and delivery, with an excess of delivery relative to consumption, particularly on the first day of salt loading. 6. Intravenous injection of sodium chloride solution (0.171 mol/l) did not alter the relationship between oxygen consumption and delivery. 7. Expansion of blood volume, while the packed cell volume was maintained nearly constant, raised oxygen delivery transiently and evidence was obtained that the relationship between oxygen consumption and delivery was altered, with oxygen delivery rising relatively more than oxygen consumption. 8. The findings are discussed in relation to the autoregulatory hypothesis of circulatory control and for the role of autoregulation in hypertensive states. The importance of relating oxygen delivery to metabolic requirements in studies of the role of autoregulation is emphasized.

Normal respiratory and circulatory values in the cat

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Nadeau ◽  
H. J. H. Colebatch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Significant Difference

Seventeen cats were studied under chloralose anesthesia. In 6 cats a polyethylene catheter was placed in the main pulmonary artery via the external jugular vein. In 11 other cats, a right thoracotomy was done under artificial ventilation, and small nylon catheters were inserted into the main pulmonary artery and the left atrium via the vessels of the right upper lobe, after which the chest was closed. While the animal breathed air through a closed circuit with a constant supply of oxygen, respiratory rate, tidal volume, and oxygen consumption were recorded on a smoked drum. Oxygen consumption averaged 111.4 ± 28.9 ml/min per m2. Femoral arterial and pulmonary arterial blood oxygen contents were measured by a modification of the Barcroft-Haldane method with Warburg manometers and averaged 14.18 ± 3.68 and 9.36 ± 1.39 vol %, respectively. The cardiac output was measured according to the Fick principle and averaged 2.10±.70 liters/min per m2. Heart rate, femoral artery blood pressure, pulmonary artery blood pressure, left atrial pressure, end-expiratory pleural pressure, and femoral artery blood oxygen tension were also determined. No significant difference was noted between thoracotomized and intact cats. Cardiac output values, however, were significantly greater than those previously reported for this species. oxygen consumption; cardiac output Submitted on October 8, 1964

Effect of Arteriovenous Fistula on Mean Arterial Blood Pressure, Coronary Blood Flow, Cardiac Output, Oxygen Consumption, Work and Efficiency

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Wégria ◽  
J. Nakano ◽  
J. C. McGiff ◽  
D. F. Rochester ◽  
M. R. Blumenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Blood Flow ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulae ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean

In the anesthetized dog, acute arteriovenous fistulae sufficient to increase the cardiac output by from 16 to 130% resulted in an increase in the coronary blood flow even in the presence of a definite and even marked drop in the mean arterial blood pressure. The arteriovenous fistulae also resulted in an increase of the cardiac work and oxygen consumption as well as the cardiac efficiency.

Initial cardiovascular adjustment to exercise in dogs with chronic cardiac denervation

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (6) ◽  
pp. 1325-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Donald ◽  
John T. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Electromagnetic Flowmeter ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Cardiac Denervation ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Aortic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Adjustment

In three normal dogs and in six dogs with cardiac denervation, there was a rapid increase in cardiac output (electromagnetic flowmeter) from the start of exercise. The denervated group showed an average delay of 25 sec in reaching plateau values of cardiac output and a deficit of 18% in the accumulated flow over the first minute of running; augmentation of output was due principally to a rapid increase in stroke volume since acceleration of heart rate was slow. In normal dogs, the augmentation of output came from a rapid increase in heart rate. The steady-state values for cardiac output and oxygen consumption were similar in the two groups as was the pattern of oxygen consumption in the first minutes of exercise and the manner in which the oxygen debt was repaid. This suggested that the denervated dogs extracted more oxygen from the circulating blood in the first moments of running. The changes with exercise in aortic blood pressure were similar in the two groups.

Effect of a peripheral arteriovenous fistula on coronary blood flow and cardiac oxygen metabolism

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent V. Glaviano ◽  
Florian Nykiel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Myocardial Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Sinus Flow ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
Sinus Flow

In anesthetized open-chest dogs, the mean blood pressure, cardiac output and coronary sinus flow were measured before and after opening of a unilateral or bilateral femoral arteriovenous fistulae. The opening of an A-V fistula was accompanied by a decrease in mean blood pressure and an increase in cardiac output and coronary sinus flow. Approximately 20 seconds after the fistula was opened, the coronary sinus flow established itself at a level independent of the per cent change in mean blood pressure and cardiac output. Opening of an arteriovenous fistula was also followed by a significant increase in myocardial oxygen consumption, work, and in most experiments by an increase in cardiac efficiency. During periods of opened-fistula the augmented myocardial oxygen consumption was accompanied by a spread of the arterial-coronary sinus oxygen difference.

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