A simulation model of growth and C and N metabolism in young maize plants

It is commonly known that exogenously applied melatonin can alleviate the impact of drought stress, but the mechanism used by melatonin to regulate stomatal behavior and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism to increase drought resistance remains elusive. Herein, our aim was to investigate the influence of exogenous melatonin on the regulation of C and N metabolism in maize plants under water deficit. In this study, we analyzed stomatal behavior, the key components of C and N metabolism, and the gene expression and activity of enzymes involved in the C and N metabolism in maize plants. The results showed that the application of melatonin (100 μM) significantly increased maize growth and sustained the opening of stomata, and secondarily increased the photosynthetic capacity in maize. Under drought stress, foliar application of melatonin induced the gene transcription and activities of sucrose phosphate synthetase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and citrate synthase, resulting in the enhancement of sucrose and starch synthesis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This enhancement in sugar biosynthesis and the TCA cycle might lead to stronger N assimilation. As anticipated, NO3– reduction and NH4+ assimilation were also strengthened after melatonin treatment under drought stress. An increase was observed in some key enzymatic activities and transcription involved in nitrogen metabolism, such as that of nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamate synthase, and glutamine synthetase, in melatonin-treated, drought-stressed maize. Moreover, melatonin attenuated the drought-induced damage by reducing protein degradation and increasing the level of proline. Conclusively, our results indicate that exogenous melatonin enhances drought tolerance in maize via promoting stomatal opening and regulating C and N metabolism and related gene expression.

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Ammonium application mitigates the effects of elevated carbon dioxide on the carbon/nitrogen balance of Phoebe bournei seedlings

Tree Physiology ◽

10.1093/treephys/tpab026 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao Wang ◽

Xiaoli Wei ◽

Gaoyin Wu ◽

Shengqun Chen

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Global Climate ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Rubisco Activase ◽

Plant Responses ◽

N Metabolism ◽

C And N ◽

Phoebe Bournei

Abstract The study of plant responses to increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is crucial to understand and to predict the effect of future global climate change on plant adaptation and evolution. Increasing amount of nitrogen (N) can promote the positive effect of CO2, while how N forms would modify the degree of CO2 effect is rarely studied. The aim of this study was to determine whether the amount and form of nitrogen (N) could mitigate the effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on enzyme activities related to carbon (C) and N metabolism, the C/N ratio, and growth of Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Y.C. Yang. One-year-old P. bournei seedlings were grown in an open-top air chamber under either an ambient CO2 (aCO2) (350 ± 70 μmol•mol−1) or an eCO2 (700 ± 10 μmol•mol−1) concentration and cultivated in soil treated with either moderate (0.8 g per seedling) or high applications (1.2 g per seedling) of nitrate or ammonium. In seedlings treated with a moderate level of nitrate, the activities of key enzymes involved in C and N metabolism (i.e., Rubisco, Rubisco activase and glutamine synthetase) were lower under eCO2 than under aCO2. By contrast, key enzyme activities (except GS) in seedlings treated with high nitrate or ammonium were not significantly different between aCO2 and eCO2 or higher under eCO2 than under aCO2. The C/N ratio of seedlings treated with moderate or high nitrate under eCO2was significantly changed compared with the seedlings grown under aCO2, whereas the C/N ratio of seedlings treated with ammonium was not significantly different between aCO2 and eCO2. Therefore, under eCO2, application of ammonium can be beneficial C and N metabolism and mitigate effects on the C/N ratio.

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Use of 13C and 15N isotopes to investigate O3 effects on C and N metabolism in soybeans. Part II. Nitrogen uptake, fixation, and partitioning

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/s0167-8809(96)01062-6 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 61-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Roman C. Pausch ◽

Charles L. Mulchi ◽

Edward H. Lee ◽

John J. Meisinger

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

N Metabolism ◽

C And N

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Triadimefon Induced C and N Metabolism and Root Ultra-Structural Changes for Drought Stress Protection in Soybean at Flowering Stage

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation ◽

10.1007/s00344-015-9524-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 222-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Qin Zhou ◽

Yuanyuan Wu ◽

Zheng Chonglan ◽

Xinghua Xing ◽

Lixin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Stress Protection ◽

N Metabolism ◽

C And N

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Salicylic acid confers resistance against broomrape in tomato through modulation of C and N metabolism

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

pp. 322-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mahmoud M.Y. Madany ◽

Wael A. Obaid ◽

Wael Hozien ◽

Hamada AbdElgawad ◽

Badreldin A. Hamed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

N Metabolism ◽

C And N

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Warming and elevated CO2 alter the transcriptomic response of maize (Zea mays L.) at the silking stage

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-54325-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yulan Huang ◽

Rui Fang ◽

Yansheng Li ◽

Xiaobing Liu ◽

Guanghua Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Sequencing Technology ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Transcriptomic Response ◽

N Metabolism ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Go Terms ◽

Biological Process Category

AbstractExploring the transcriptome of crops in response to warming and elevated CO2 (eCO2) is important to gaining insights of botanical adaption and feedback to climate change. This study deployed Illumina sequencing technology to characterize transcriptomic profile of maize plants at the silking stage, which were grown under warming (2 °C higher than ambient temperature) and eCO2 (550 ppm) conditions. The treatment of ambient temperature and ambient CO2 concentration was considered as control (CK). Warming, eCO2 and warming plus eCO2 resulted in 2732, 1966 and 271 genes expressing differently (DEGs) compared to the CK, respectively. Among the DEGs, 48, 47 and 36 gene ontology (GO) terms were enriched in response to warming, eCO2 and warming plus eCO2 compared to the CK, respectively. The majority of genes were assigned to the biological process category and the cellular component category. Elevated CO2 significantly inhibited gene expressions in terms of photosynthesis and carbohydrate biosynthesis pathways. Warming not only negatively affected expressions of these genes, but also secondary pathways of nitrogen (N) metabolism, including key enzymes of GST30, GST7, GST26, GST15, GLUL and glnA. These results indicated the negative biochemical regulation and physiological functions in maize in response to warming and eCO2, highlighting the necessity to improve the genetic adaptability of plant to future climate change.

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