Prospects for Entry by Developing Countries into the Global Integrated Circuit Industry: Lessons from the United States, Japan, and the NIEs, 1955–1990

1994 ◽  
pp. 199-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Mowery ◽  
W. Edward Steinmueller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integrated Circuit Industry

Markets, Technological Change and Economic Growth (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4I) ◽  
pp. 327-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Lipsey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Short Time

I am honoured to be invited to give this lecture before so distinguished an audience of development economists. For the last 21/2 years I have been director of a project financed by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and composed of a group of scholars from Canada, the United States, and Israel.I Our brief is to study the determinants of long term economic growth. Although our primary focus is on advanced industrial countries such as my own, some of us have come to the conclusion that there is more common ground between developed and developing countries than we might have first thought. I am, however, no expert on development economics so I must let you decide how much of what I say is applicable to economies such as your own. Today, I will discuss some of the grand themes that have arisen in my studies with our group. In the short time available, I can only allude to how these themes are rooted in our more detailed studies. In doing this, I must hasten to add that I speak for myself alone; our group has no corporate view other than the sum of our individual, and very individualistic, views.

The United States and the Developing Countries

1968 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-404
Author(s):  
Arthur L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
The United States

Intra-uterine contraceptive devices (IUD)

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (20) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contraceptive Devices

After the initial enthusiasm for the Gräfenberg ring in the 1920’s had waned, an IUD was not considered a safe contraceptive.1 However, the new plastic IUDs have revived interest in this method and there have been trials in many developing countries, as well as in the United States2 and Britain.3

scholarly journals TAXATION ARISING FROM DIGITALISATION: ISSUES AT STAKE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Velarde Aramayo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
European Union Countries

The OECD is leading global efforts to reach an international consensus around the BEPS Project with the G20 support. Action 1 works on the tax challenges of the digital economy and its proposals have been made with the «inclusive framework» participation that brings together more than 137 countries. The article focuses on the legitimacy, operation, and consequences of all this work for developing countries that, according to estimates of the UNCTAD, lost annually U$100 billion due to tax avoidance schemes by MNEs. The OECD/G20 inclusive framework is designing a new global tax structure and its proposals attempt to introduce new rules on taxing rights allocation and distribution. At the same time, some countries have adopted unilateral measures in order to tax some digital businesses. Finally, the European Union Countries continue to delay the adoption of the CCCTB and DST Directive proposals, and the United States has introduced the GILTI legislation that seeks to tax the global intangible income. Everything seems to indicate that in the next years the international tax architecture will be changed in deep.

scholarly journals Lack of Selection and Limits to Delegation: Firm Dynamics in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-275
Author(s):  
Ufuk Akcigit ◽  
Harun Alp ◽  
Michael Peters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Firm Dynamics ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
Managerial Delegation

Delegating managerial tasks is essential for firm growth. Most firms in developing countries, however, do not hire outside managers but instead rely on family members. In this paper, we ask if this lack of managerial delegation can explain why firms in poor countries are small and whether it has important aggregate consequences. We construct a model of firm growth where entrepreneurs have a fixed time endowment to run their daily operations. As firms grow large, the need to hire outside managers increases. Firms’ willingness to expand therefore depends on the ease with which delegation can take place. We calibrate the model to plant-level data from the United States and India. We identify the key parameters of our theory by targeting the experimental evidence on the effect of managerial practices on firm performance from Bloom et al. (2013). We find that inefficiencies in the delegation environment account for 11 percent of the income per capita difference between the United States and India. They also contribute to the small size of Indian producers, but would cause substantially more harm for US firms. The reason is that US firms are larger on average and managerial delegation is especially valuable for large firms, thus making delegation efficiency and other factors affecting firm growth complements. (JEL D22, G32, L25, L26, O14)

MALNUTRITION IN THE WORLD'S CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-133
Author(s):  
George M. Wheatley ◽  
Louis K. Diamond ◽  
Lytt I. Gardner ◽  
Clifford G. Grulee ◽  
Robert N. Hamburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Young Children ◽  
National Development ◽  
Retarded Child ◽  
The United States ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
World Population ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Protein Calorie Malnutrition

Protein-Calorie malnutrition coupled with infection is the greatest killer of infants and young children and the major cause of retarded child growth and development in today world. It has been estimated that by 1968 there would be 276,000,000 child victims of serious malnutrition in 29 developing countries. Its greatest toll is during the weaning period and in children below the age of 2 years. Some of these young children will die. Others, who survive severe disease, may sustain brain damage which impairs learning, limits achievement, and condemns them to the fate of their parents, thus perpetuating a cycle which interferes with national development itself. The occurrence of protein-calorie malnutrition is not limited to developing countries, particular ethnic groups, or tropical climates. This affliction is found in the United States, although less frequently and rarely in extreme degree when compared to developing countries. More accurate information about its prevalence in the United States will soon be available. The causes of protein-calorie malnutrition can be described within a variety of different conceptual frameworks: political, economic, educational, socio-cultural, agricultural, industrial, and medical-nutritional. The interrelation of the size of the world population and its food supply is so vital a factor that inadequate programs of family planning increase the likelihood of malnutrition. Programs to eliminate malnutrition must be delineated within these different frameworks, and each must be brought into appropriate collaboration with the others. Obviously, no statement of ours can cover this multiplicity of factors completely. We can speak only as pediatricians to whom any degree of malnutrition is unacceptable.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Artificial Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 804-804
Author(s):  
STANLEY A. PLOTKIN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Dr Halsey has brought to my attention that a sentence in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection control statement (AAP News, September 1988) and perinatal statement (Pediatrics 1988;82:941-944) might be misinterpreted as advocating artificial feeding for HP/-infected infants in developing countries. It was our intention to advocate the use of artificial feeding by HIV-infected mothers only in the United States and other developed countries where safe water and hygienic practices are the norm. In other countries, the advantages of breast milk outweigh the possible risk of transmission to the newborn.

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