Using Linguistically Non-local Punjabi Queries to Search the Global Web

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-287
Author(s):  
Harjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Non Local

Toward High-Resolution Low-Voltage SEM

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Shao
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Probe Radius ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

Recently, low voltage (≤5kV) scanning electron microscopes have become popular because of their unprecedented advantages, such as minimized charging effects and smaller specimen damage, etc. Perhaps the most important advantage of LVSEM is that they may be able to provide ultrahigh resolution since the interaction volume decreases when electron energy is reduced. It is obvious that no matter how low the operating voltage is, the resolution is always poorer than the probe radius. To achieve 10Å resolution at 5kV (including non-local effects), we would require a probe radius of 5∽6 Å. At low voltages, we can no longer ignore the effects of chromatic aberration because of the increased ratio δV/V. The 3rd order spherical aberration is another major limiting factor. The optimized aperture should be calculated as

Chromatic aberration and low-voltage SEM

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 546-547
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Shao ◽  
A.V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Energy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Optical Treatment ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

For scanning electron microscopes, it is plausible that by lowering the primary electron energy, one can decrease the volume of interaction and improve resolution. As shown by Crewe /1/, at V0 =5kV a 10Å resolution (including non-local effects) is possible. To achieve this, we would need a probe size about 5Å. However, at low voltages, the chromatic aberration becomes the major concern even for field emission sources. In this case, δV/V = 0.1 V/5kV = 2x10-5. As a rough estimate, it has been shown that /2/ the chromatic aberration δC should be less than ⅓ of δ0 the probe size determined by diffraction and spherical aberration in order to neglect its effect. But this did not take into account the distribution of electron energy. We will show that by using a wave optical treatment, the tolerance on the chromatic aberration is much larger than we expected.

Imperfections in non-local elasticity

1998 ◽  
Vol 08 (PR8) ◽  
pp. Pr8-309-Pr8-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Z. Povstenko
Keyword(s):  
Non Local

On velocity selection for needle-crystals in a fully non-local model of solidification

1987 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Caroli ◽  
C. Caroli ◽  
C. Misbah ◽  
B. Roulet
Keyword(s):  
Local Model ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Velocity Selection

NON-LOCAL ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS AT METAL SURFACES

1983 ◽  
Vol 44 (C10) ◽  
pp. C10-305-C10-314
Author(s):  
S. Lundqvist ◽  
P. Apell
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Electromagnetic Effects ◽  
Non Local

OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ROUGH NON-LOCAL SURFACES

1984 ◽  
Vol 45 (C5) ◽  
pp. C5-229-C5-229
Author(s):  
R. G. Barrera ◽  
R. Fuchs ◽  
W. L. Mochán
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Non Local
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