The cost of herbicide resistance in white-chicory: ecological implications for its commercial release

1995 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 1301-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lavigne ◽  
H. Manac'h ◽  
C. Guyard ◽  
J. Gasquez
2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABRICE ROUX ◽  
XAVIER REBOUD

A mutation endowing herbicide resistance is often found to induce a parallel morphological or fitness penalty. To test whether such ‘cost’ of resistance to herbicides is expressed through lower resource acquisition, changes in resource allocation, or both, is of ecological significance. Here, we analysed 12 morphological traits in 900 plants covering three herbicide resistance mutations at genes AUX1, AXR1 and AXR2 in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Comparing these 2,4-D herbicide-resistant homozygous (RR) and heterozygous (RS) plants to homozygous susceptible (SS) plants, this analysis estimates the dominance level of the resistance allele on morphology. We also demonstrated that the herbicide resistance cost was primarily expressed as a change in resource acquisition (62·1–94% of the analysed traits). Although AUX1, AXR1 and AXR2 genes act in the same metabolic pathway of auxin response, each resistance factor was found to have its own unique signature in the way the cost was expressed. Furthermore, no link was observed between the absolute fitness penalty and the respective modifications of resource acquisition and/or resource allocation in the resistant plants. These results and their implications for herbicide resistance spread and establishment are discussed.


Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Hugh J Beckie

Herbicide resistance in weeds is perhaps the most prominent research area within the discipline of weed science today. Incidence, management challenges, and the cost of multiple-resistant weed populations are continually increasing worldwide. Crop cultivars with multiple herbicide-resistance traits are being rapidly adopted by growers and land managers to keep ahead of the weed resistance tsunami. This Special Issue of Plants comprises papers that describe the current status and future outlook of herbicide resistance research and development in weedy and domestic plants, with topics covering the full spectrum from resistance mechanisms to resistance management. The unifying framework for this Special issue, is the challenge initially posed to all of the contributors: what are the (potential) implications for herbicide resistance management?


1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Orson

A method of calculating the cost to farmers of herbicide resistance in weeds is described along with examples to demonstrate the inherent difficulties and benefits. The main problem is defining cropping systems/practices and herbicide strategies that prevent the development of resistance. The benefits include focusing advisory and research efforts and helping to persuade farmers to adopt practices that prevent the development of resistance.


ICR Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Elma Berisha

This article goes behind the semiotic stereotypes of western representations of nature and language, to track and discuss discursive limitations in an attempt to place these semiotic concepts within their Qur’anic paradigmatic context. A cursory literature review of Western semiotics suggests systematic bias towards conventional signs, at the cost of naturally occurring ones. Drawing on the work of U. Eco, J. Deely, J. Hoffmeyer and other prominent semioticians, as well as the Qur’an as a ‘semiotician’s paradise par excellence’, I examine a more comprehensive notion of sign and its relevance as a potential epistemological bridge between nature and culture, between internal phenomenological realities and the external world. My argument is that even at this postmodern, advanced stage of semiotics as a more comprehensive and inclusive study field, the downplaying of the semiotics of nature and its communication value continues to run as a subtext of the process of secularisation. Thus, the ethical and religious meta-representations that come with nature are likely to be neglected, with further ecological implications. All these findings seem to suggest that there is a need to reconsider and review these matters in a much more comprehensive way, given that reflection on the natural signs is one of the major themes in the Qur’an, alongside the reoccurring message that the only way to attain true belief in the Creator is to think through signs.


Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.


Author(s):  
H. Rose

The imaging performance of the light optical lens systems has reached such a degree of perfection that nowadays numerical apertures of about 1 can be utilized. Compared to this state of development the objective lenses of electron microscopes are rather poor allowing at most usable apertures somewhat smaller than 10-2 . This severe shortcoming is due to the unavoidable axial chromatic and spherical aberration of rotationally symmetric electron lenses employed so far in all electron microscopes.The resolution of such electron microscopes can only be improved by increasing the accelerating voltage which shortens the electron wave length. Unfortunately, this procedure is rather ineffective because the achievable gain in resolution is only proportional to λ1/4 for a fixed magnetic field strength determined by the magnetic saturation of the pole pieces. Moreover, increasing the acceleration voltage results in deleterious knock-on processes and in extreme difficulties to stabilize the high voltage. Last not least the cost increase exponentially with voltage.


1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 832-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Solomon ◽  
TK Hasegawa ◽  
JD Shulman ◽  
PO Walker
Keyword(s):  

1998 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-205
Author(s):  
Snellman ◽  
Maljanen ◽  
Aromaa ◽  
Reunanen ◽  
Jyrkinen‐Pakkasvirta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

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