Brown adipose tissue activity in hypocaloric-diet fed lactating rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Villarroya ◽  
Antonio Felipe ◽  
Teresa Mampel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Hypocaloric Diet ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase Activity ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Activity

Hypocaloric diet feeding reduced the mitochondrial protein content and whole tissue GDP-binding in interscapular brown adipose tissue from both virgin and lactating rats. A reduction in brown fat lipoprotein lipase activity was also detected in underfed virgin and lactating animals. These results indicate that lactation in the rat, even though it produces a reduction in brown fat activity, does not impair the capacity of the tissue to respond to a diminished caloric intake by lowering its activity further.

Diet, lighting, and food intake affect norepinephrine turnover in dietary obesity

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. R402-R408 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yoshida ◽  
J. S. Fisler ◽  
M. Fukushima ◽  
G. A. Bray ◽  
R. A. Schemmel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Dietary Obesity

The effects of dietary fat content, lighting cycle, and feeding time on norepinephrine turnover in interscapular brown adipose tissue, heart, and pancreas, and on blood 3-hydroxybutyrate, serum glucose, insulin, and corticosterone have been studied in two strains of rats that differ in their susceptibility to dietary obesity. S 5B/Pl rats, which are resistant to dietary obesity, have a more rapid turnover of norepinephrine in interscapular brown adipose tissue and heart and a greater increase in the concentration of norepinephrine in brown fat when eating a high-fat diet than do Osborne-Mendel rats, which are sensitive to fat-induced obesity. Light cycle and feeding schedule are important modulators of sympathetic activity in heart and pancreas but not in brown fat. Rats of the resistant strain also have higher blood 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and lower insulin and corticosterone levels than do rats of the susceptible strain. A high-fat diet increases 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and reduces insulin levels in both strains. These studies show, in rats eating a high-fat diet, that differences in norepinephrine turnover, particularly in brown adipose tissue, may play an important role in whether dietary obesity develops and in the manifestations of resistance to this phenomenon observed in the S 5B/Pl rat.

Glucagon stimulation of brown adipose tissue growth and thermogenesis

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (1) ◽  
pp. R160-R165 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Billington ◽  
T. J. Bartness ◽  
J. Briggs ◽  
A. S. Levine ◽  
J. E. Morley
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose

Despite long-standing observations of a whole-body thermogenic effect of glucagon, the role of glucagon in activating thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue has not often been studied. We investigated the ability of administered glucagon to produce alterations in brown adipose tissue similar to changes produced by accepted stimuli of brown fat activity: cold, norepinephrine, and overfeeding. Eighteen days of glucagon injections (1 mg/kg) to male Sprague-Dawley rats produced, relative to saline-injected controls, decreases in feed efficiency and increases in brown adipose tissue weight, protein content, DNA content, and mitochondrial mass as reflected in cytochrome oxidase activity. The observed changes were similar, though of lesser magnitude, to changes produced in these same parameters induced by administration of norepinephrine (250 micrograms/kg) for a positive control group. Four days of glucagon administration (1 mg/kg) produced increases in specific activity of cytochrome oxidase and lipoprotein lipase. After 8 days of glucagon administration, changes in whole-pad activity similar to those seen with 18 days of administration were present. Glucagon also increased whole-pad lipoprotein lipase activity after 4 and 8 days. Surgically denervated interscapular brown adipose tissue retained its ability to respond to exogenous glucagon, though the magnitude of the response was diminished. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) binding to brown adipose tissue mitochondria was measured as an assessment of functional state after 5 days of glucagon (1 mg/kg). There was an increase in GDP binding relative to controls whether expressed as picomoles per milligram mitochondrial protein or nanomoles per pad.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Thermogenic and lipogenic activities in brown adipose tissue of I-strain mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bazin ◽  
D Ricquier ◽  
F Dupuy ◽  
J Hoover-Plow ◽  
M Lavau
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose

The thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue has been investigated in I-strain mice to determine whether this tissue could play a role in the lower efficiency of food utilization reported in this strain of mice. (1) As compared with C57BL mice (a control strain), interscapular-brown-adipose-tissue weight and lipid percentage were decreased by 40% and 13% respectively in I-strain mice. (2) Mitochondrial protein content and cytochrome c oxidase activity were similar in the two strains, but the number of mitochondrial GDP-binding sites and uncoupling-protein content were increased by 2-fold in I-strain mice. (3) Fatty acid synthetase and citrate-cleavage enzyme (units/mg of protein) were 3-fold higher in the brown adipose tissue of I-strain mice. These results indicate that I-strain mice possess a very active brown adipose tissue. This enhanced capacity of energy dissipation in brown adipose tissue could contribute to the decreased capacity of I-strain mice to store adipose tissue.

Adrenergic Innervation of Brown Adipose Tissue from the Ground Squirrel (Citellus richardsonii)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. W. Cottle ◽  
W. H. Cottle ◽  
C. W. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adrenergic Innervation ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose

Determinations of noradrenaline (NA) content and observations of histochemical fluorescence were carried out on the axillary brown fat pad of ground squirrels Citellus richardsonii kept at two temperatures, 20 °C and 5 °C. For comparison, NA content of hearts and intrathoracic brown adipose tissue were also determined. Like interscapular brown adipose tissue from cold-acclimated rats, the axillary brown fat of cold-acclimated ground squirrels contained a high level of NA. The NA content of the fat pad from ground squirrels living at 20 °C, however, though somewhat lower was not statistically different from that of the fat pad from the cold-acclimated animals. Fine adrenergic nerve fibers were observed between the adipocytes and more intense and extensive networks were present around arterioles. The density of adrenergic innervation appeared similar in the axillary brown fat of the two groups. The NA content of the hearts of ground squirrels living at 5 °C was lower than that for hearts from animals at 20 °C. Intrathoracic brown fat tissue from both groups of animals showed large variation.

Brown fat thermogenesis in a rat model of dietary obesity

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
pp. R756-R762 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Fisler ◽  
J. R. Lupien ◽  
R. D. Wood ◽  
G. A. Bray ◽  
R. A. Schemmel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Dietary Obesity

The effects of chronic feeding of a high-fat diet or a cafeteria-type diet on weight gain and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue as measured by the binding of a purine nucleotide (guanosine 5'-diphosphate, GDP) to mitochondria of brown adipose tissue have been studied in two strains of rats that differ in their susceptibility to dietary obesity. S 5B/Pl rats, which are resistant to developing obesity when eating a high-fat diet or drinking sucrose solutions, have greater specific GDP binding in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) than do Osborne-Mendel rats, which are sensitive to fat-induced obesity. A high-fat diet, fed isoenergetically to the low-fat diet, did not increase the growth of IBAT and decreased specific GDP binding in both strains. Feeding a cafeteria diet resulted in obesity and increased mass and protein content of the IBAT in both strains of rats. However, specific GDP binding increased in response to cafeteria feeding only in the Osborne-Mendel rats. These studies show that thermogenesis, as measured by GDP binding to mitochondria in brown adipose tissue, is suppressed by both isoenergetic and ad libitum feeding of a high-fat diet. The higher basal GDP binding in the brown fat of the S 5B/Pl rats suggests that higher thermogenesis of this tissue contributes to the resistance of this strain to fat-induced obesity. The inability of S 5B/Pl rats to further increase thermogenesis when eating a cafeteria diet may contribute to their becoming obese.

Unexpected evidence for active brown adipose tissue in adult humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (2) ◽  
pp. E444-E452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Nedergaard ◽  
Tore Bengtsson ◽  
Barbara Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Activity ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis

The contention that brown adipose tissue is absent in adult man has meant that processes attributed to active brown adipose tissue in experimental animals (mainly rodents), i.e., classical nonshivering thermogenesis, adaptive adrenergic thermogenesis, diet-induced thermogenesis, and antiobesity, should be either absent or attributed to alternative (unknown) mechanisms in man. However, serendipidously, as a consequence of the use of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) to trace tumor metastasis, observations that may change that notion have recently been made. These tomography scans have visualized symmetrical areas of increased tracer uptake in the upper parts of the human body; these areas of uptake correspond to brown adipose tissue. We examine here the published observations from a viewpoint of human physiology. The human depots are somewhat differently located from those in rodents, the main depots being found in the supraclavicular and the neck regions with some additional paravertebral, mediastinal, para-aortic, and suprarenal localizations (but no interscapular). Brown adipose tissue activity in man is acutely cold induced and is stimulated via the sympathetic nervous system. The prevalence of active brown adipose tissue in normal adult man can be only indirectly estimated, but it would seem that the prevalence of active brown adipose tissue in the population may be at least in the range of some tens of percent. We conclude that a substantial fraction of adult humans possess active brown adipose tissue that thus has the potential to be of metabolic significance for normal human physiology as well as to become pharmaceutically activated in efforts to combat obesity.

Evidence for the Mediatory Role of Brown Adipose Tissue During Nonshivering Thermogenesis in the Cold-Acclimated Mouse

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hayward ◽  
P. F. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

The increased rate of oxygen consumption by cold-acclimated, adult mice after subcutaneous injection of noradrenaline has been measured for intact individuals and for those with the arterial supply to their interscapular brown adipose tissue ligated. An immediate reduction of 40% of this calorigenic response was noted in mice thus operated. Dissection of the total brown fat of the body indicated that the interscapular deposits comprise 43% by weight of the total brown adipose tissue, which in turn forms only 1% of the body weight. Since a 40% reduction in calorigenic response to noradrenaline cannot be ascribed to the loss of an amount of brown fat constituting less than 0.5%) of the body weight, the results support the hypothesis that brown fat can mediate calorigenic responses of other tissues.

Uncoupling protein and its mRNA in brown adipose tissue of newborn rabbits

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Rozon ◽  
W. H. Harris ◽  
A. M. Verrinder Gibbins
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Guanosine Diphosphate ◽  
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brown Adipose

Guanosine diphosphate binding to the uncoupling protein of isolated mitochondria of brown adipose tissue in newborn rabbits was measured as an index of thermogenic activity. The binding was 0.281 ± 0.022 nmol GDP/mg mitochondrial protein at 1 day of age, 0.214 ± 0.017 at 3 days, 0.428 ± 0.038 at 5 days, and 0.208 ± 0.016 at 7 days. The increase in binding between 3 and 7 days of age suggests that the brown fat has an increased thermogenic capacity at that age. In addition, the potential for synthesis of the uncoupling protein was investigated in 1- to 5-day-old newborn rabbits by probing the total cellular ribonucleic acid for the messenger that codes for uncoupling protein. The amount of uncoupling protein messenger was highest at 1 day of age and declined at least until 5 days of age. Because the amount of uncoupling protein messenger decreased as the GDP binding increased, the results suggest that either the initially translated uncoupling protein was unmasked at about 5 days of age or there was a delay in the incorporation of uncoupling protein into the mitochondrial inner membrane, or both.Key words: brown fat, neonatal rabbit, thermogenin, messenger RNA, age-related changes.

Adaptive changes in the concentration of the mitochondrial ‘uncoupling’ protein in brown adipose tissue of hamsters acclimated at different temperatures

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 1077-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Trayhurn ◽  
Denis Richard ◽  
Graham Jennings ◽  
Margaret Ashwell
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adaptive Changes ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Different Temperatures

The effect of acclimation at different temperatures on the activity of interscapular brown adipose tissue has been investigated in the hamster, a hibernator. Between 31° and 4°C the cytochrome oxidase activity of the tissue increased 4- to 5-fold, mitochondrial GDP binding per mg of mitochondrial protein doubled, and the amount of uncoupling protein rose from 1.7% to 5.4% of total mitochondrial protein. It is concluded that there are clear adaptive changes induced by temperature in brown adipose tissue of the hamster, but the changes are limited in comparison with those in the mouse.

Effects of Single Cortisone Injections on Brown Adipose Tissue of Developing Rats

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Skala ◽  
Peter Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Fraction ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Endogenous Respiration ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Brown Fat Mitochondria

An injection of a single dose of cortisone acetate (5 mg/100 g body weight) to 9-day-old rats resulted in the following changes in brown adipose tissue 24 h later: (1) the fresh weight was increased due to fat accumulation; (2) the DNA content of whole interscapular brown fat stayed unaltered, while the RNA content was increased; (3) specific activities of cytoplasmic alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme were increased; (4) the percentage of mitochondrial protein in the whole tissue protein was not changed, but mitochondria seemed to be more fragile, fewer were recovered by a standard isolation procedure, and more cytochrome c oxidase contaminated the microsomal fraction; (5) mitochondrial alpha-glycero-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were decreased per milligram homogenate protein and (in isolated mitochondrial fraction) per milligram mitochondrial protein; (6) the endogenous respiration of brown fat mitochondria was activated much less by carnitine and CoA; and (7) CO2 formation from palmitate-14C by isolated mitochondria was considerably lower.A similar injection to 30-day-old rats had no significant effect.It is suggested that a single injection of cortisone affects the mitochondrial structure of brown adipose tissue and the ability to oxidize fatty acids and that it is effective on day 10 but not on day 30.

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