Regulation of gene expression in the nervous system by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E. Merrill ◽  
Sean P. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Nitrogen Species

Regulation of ion channel structure and function by reactive oxygen-nitrogen species

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (6) ◽  
pp. L1184-L1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadis Matalon ◽  
Karin M. Hardiman ◽  
Lucky Jain ◽  
Douglas C. Eaton ◽  
Michael Kotlikoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Ion Channel ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Channel Structure ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Channel Proteins

Ion channels subserve diverse cellular functions. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species modulate ion channel function by a number of mechanisms including 1) transcriptional regulation of gene expression, 2) posttranslational modifications of channel proteins, i.e. nitrosylation, nitration, and oxidation of key amino acid residues, 3) by altering the gain in other signaling pathways that may in turn lead to changes in channel activity or channel gene expression, and 4) by modulating trafficking or turnover of channel proteins, as typified by oxygen radical activation of NF-kB, with subsequent changes in proteasomal degradation of channel degradation. Regardless of the mechanism, as was discussed in a symposium at the 2003 Experimental Biology Meeting in San Diego, CA, changes in the cellular level of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can have profound effects on the activity of ion channels and cellular function.

scholarly journals Unraveling of Central Nervous System Disease Mechanisms Using CRISPR Genome Manipulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117957351878746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aino Vesikansa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Cns Diseases ◽  
The Brain

The complex structure and highly variable gene expression profile of the brain makes it among the most challenging fields to study in both basic and translational biological research. Most of the brain diseases are multifactorial and despite the rapidly increasing genomic data, molecular pathways and causal links between genes and central nervous system (CNS) diseases are largely unknown. The advent of an easy and flexible CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology has rapidly revolutionized the field of functional genomics and opened unprecedented possibilities to dissect the mechanisms of CNS disease. CRISPR-Cas allows a plenitude of applications for both gene-focused and genome-wide approaches, ranging from original “gene scissors” making permanent modifications in the genome to the regulation of gene expression and epigenetics. CRISPR technology provides a unique opportunity to establish new cellular and animal models of CNS diseases and holds potential for breakthroughs in the CNS research and drug development.

scholarly journals The role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in airway epithelial gene expression.

1998 ◽  
Vol 106 (suppl 5) ◽  
pp. 1197-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
L D Martin ◽  
T M Krunkosky ◽  
J A Voynow ◽  
K B Adler
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Nitrogen Species

Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression in the Nervous System

2013 ◽  
pp. 151-171
Author(s):  
Dai Hatakeyama ◽  
Sascha Tierling ◽  
Takashi Kuzuhara ◽  
Uli Müller
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression

scholarly journals The ADAR Family in Amphioxus: RNA Editing and Conserved Orthologous Site Predictions

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1440
Author(s):  
Michał Zawisza-Álvarez ◽  
Claudia Pérez-Calles ◽  
Giacomo Gattoni ◽  
Jordi Garcia-Fernàndez ◽  
Èlia Benito-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Rna Editing ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Regulatory Complexity

RNA editing is a relatively unexplored process in which transcribed RNA is modified at specific nucleotides before translation, adding another level of regulation of gene expression. Cephalopods use it extensively to increase the regulatory complexity of their nervous systems, and mammals use it too, but less prominently. Nevertheless, little is known about the specifics of RNA editing in most of the other clades and the relevance of RNA editing from an evolutionary perspective remains unknown. Here we analyze a key element of the editing machinery, the ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) gene family, in an animal with a key phylogenetic position at the root of chordates: the cephalochordate amphioxus. We show, that as in cephalopods, ADAR genes in amphioxus are predominantly expressed in the nervous system; we identify a number of RNA editing events in amphioxus; and we provide a newly developed method to identify RNA editing events in highly polymorphic genomes using orthology as a guide. Overall, our work lays the foundations for future comparative analysis of RNA-editing events across the metazoan tree.

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