scholarly journals Supersymmetry breaking deformations and phase transitions in five dimensions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bertolini ◽  
Francesco Mignosa

Abstract We analyze a recently proposed supersymmetry breaking mass deformation of the E1 superconformal fixed point in five dimensions which, at weak gauge coupling, leads to pure SU(2) Yang-Mills and which was conjectured to lead to an interacting CFT at strong coupling. We provide an explicit geometric construction of the deformation using brane-web techniques and show that for large enough gauge coupling a global symmetry is spontaneously broken and the theory enters a new phase which, at infinite coupling, displays an instability. The Yang-Mills and the symmetry broken phases are separated by a phase transition. Depending on the structure of the potential, this can be first or second order.

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Ramanan ◽  
Anirvan Sengupta ◽  
Ilze Ziedins ◽  
Partha Mitra

In this paper, we analyse a model of a regular tree loss network that supports two types of calls: unicast calls that require unit capacity on a single link, and multicast calls that require unit capacity on every link emanating from a node. We study the behaviour of the distribution of calls in the core of a large network that has uniform unicast and multicast arrival rates. At sufficiently high multicast call arrival rates the network exhibits a ‘phase transition’, leading to unfairness due to spatial variation in the multicast blocking probabilities. We study the dependence of the phase transition on unicast arrival rates, the coordination number of the network, and the parity of the capacity of edges in the network. Numerical results suggest that the nature of phase transitions is qualitatively different when there are odd and even capacities on the links. These phenomena are seen to persist even with the introduction of nonuniform arrival rates and multihop multicast calls into the network. Finally, we also show the inadequacy of approximations such as the Erlang fixed-point approximations when multicasting is present.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clay Cordova ◽  
Daniel Freed ◽  
Ho Tat Lam ◽  
Nathan Seiberg

We extend our earlier work on anomalies in the space of coupling constants to four-dimensional gauge theories. Pure Yang-Mills theory (without matter) with a simple and simply connected gauge group has a mixed anomaly between its one-form global symmetry (associated with the center) and the periodicity of the \thetaθ-parameter. This anomaly is at the root of many recently discovered properties of these theories, including their phase transitions and interfaces. These new anomalies can be used to extend this understanding to systems without discrete symmetries (such as time-reversal). We also study SU(N)SU(N) and Sp(N)Sp(N) gauge theories with matter in the fundamental representation. Here we find a mixed anomaly between the flavor symmetry group and the \thetaθ-periodicity. Again, this anomaly unifies distinct recently-discovered phenomena in these theories and controls phase transitions and the dynamics on interfaces.


2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 58-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Ramanan ◽  
Anirvan Sengupta ◽  
Ilze Ziedins ◽  
Partha Mitra

In this paper, we analyse a model of a regular tree loss network that supports two types of calls: unicast calls that require unit capacity on a single link, and multicast calls that require unit capacity on every link emanating from a node. We study the behaviour of the distribution of calls in the core of a large network that has uniform unicast and multicast arrival rates. At sufficiently high multicast call arrival rates the network exhibits a ‘phase transition’, leading to unfairness due to spatial variation in the multicast blocking probabilities. We study the dependence of the phase transition on unicast arrival rates, the coordination number of the network, and the parity of the capacity of edges in the network. Numerical results suggest that the nature of phase transitions is qualitatively different when there are odd and even capacities on the links. These phenomena are seen to persist even with the introduction of nonuniform arrival rates and multihop multicast calls into the network. Finally, we also show the inadequacy of approximations such as the Erlang fixed-point approximations when multicasting is present.


1990 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 771-787
Author(s):  
NORIJI KATO ◽  
IKUO SENDA

The heterotic string of the uncompactified dimensions less than ten, D<10, without space-time supersymmetry is considered. The states which have excitations only in the instanton sectors appear in the spectrum. These states become tachyonic below or above a certain scale of the compactified space and make the vacuum unstable. These phenomena are understood as phase transitions due to noncontractible loop on the compactified space. The investigation into the effective potential tells that the phase transition is of first order. The properties of the new phase are studied both in the field theoretic and the stringy manners. The heterotic string at finite temperature in D<10 is also discussed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Stergiou

Conformal field theories (CFTs) with MN and tetragonal global symmetry in d=2+1d=2+1 dimensions are relevant for structural, antiferromagnetic and helimagnetic phase transitions. As a result, they have been studied in great detail with the \varepsilon=4-dε=4−d expansion and other field theory methods. The study of these theories with the nonperturbative numerical conformal bootstrap is initiated in this work. Bounds for operator dimensions are obtained and they are found to possess sharp kinks in the MN case, suggesting the existence of full-fledged CFTs. Based on the existence of a certain large-NN expansion in theories with MN symmetry, these are argued to be the CFTs predicted by the \varepsilonε expansion. In the tetragonal case no new kinks are found, consistently with the absence of such CFTs in the \varepsilonε expansion. Estimates for critical exponents are provided for a few cases describing phase transitions in actual physical systems. In two particular MN cases, corresponding to theories with global symmetry groups O(2)^2\rtimes S_2O(2)2⋊S2 and O(2)^3\rtimes S_3O(2)3⋊S3, a second kink is found. In the O(2)^2\rtimes S_2O(2)2⋊S2 case it is argued to be saturated by a CFT that belongs to a new universality class relevant for the structural phase transition of NbO_22 and paramagnetic-helimagnetic transitions of the rare-earth metals Ho and Dy. In the O(2)^3\rtimes S_3O(2)3⋊S3 case it is suggested that the CFT that saturates the second kink belongs to a new universality class relevant for the paramagnetic-antiferromagnetic phase transition of the rare-earth metal Nd.


2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinya Karndumri ◽  
Patharadanai Nuchino

AbstractWe find a large class of supersymmetric domain wall solutions from six-dimensional $$N=(2,2)$$ N = ( 2 , 2 ) gauged supergravity with various gauge groups. In general, the embedding tensor lives in $${{\mathbf {144}}}_c$$ 144 c representation of the global symmetry SO(5, 5). We explicitly construct the embedding tensors in $${{\mathbf {15}}}^{-1}$$ 15 - 1 and $$\overline{{\mathbf {40}}}^{-1}$$ 40 ¯ - 1 representations of $$GL(5)\sim {\mathbb {R}}^+\times SL(5)\subset SO(5,5)$$ G L ( 5 ) ∼ R + × S L ( 5 ) ⊂ S O ( 5 , 5 ) leading to $$CSO(p,q,5-p-q)$$ C S O ( p , q , 5 - p - q ) and $$CSO(p,q,4-p-q)\ltimes {\mathbb {R}}^4_{{\varvec{s}}}$$ C S O ( p , q , 4 - p - q ) ⋉ R s 4 gauge groups, respectively. These gaugings can be obtained from $$S^1$$ S 1 reductions of seven-dimensional gauged supergravity with $$CSO(p,q,5-p-q)$$ C S O ( p , q , 5 - p - q ) and $$CSO(p,q,4-p-q)$$ C S O ( p , q , 4 - p - q ) gauge groups. As in seven dimensions, we find half-supersymmetric domain walls for purely magnetic or purely electric gaugings with the embedding tensors in $${{\mathbf {15}}}^{-1}$$ 15 - 1 or $$\overline{{\mathbf {40}}}^{-1}$$ 40 ¯ - 1 representations, respectively. In addition, for dyonic gauge groups with the embedding tensors in both $${{\mathbf {15}}}^{-1}$$ 15 - 1 and $$\overline{{\mathbf {40}}}^{-1}$$ 40 ¯ - 1 representations, the domain walls turn out to be $$\frac{1}{4}$$ 1 4 -supersymmetric as in the seven-dimensional analogue. By the DW/QFT duality, these solutions are dual to maximal and half-maximal super Yang–Mills theories in five dimensions. All of the solutions can be uplifted to seven dimensions and further embedded in type IIB or M-theories by the well-known consistent truncation of the seven-dimensional $$N=4$$ N = 4 gauged supergravity.


Author(s):  
Takashi Ishiguro ◽  
Hiroshi Sato

Phase transitions of lT-TaS2 both on cooling from the incommensurate (IC) phase and on heating from the commensurate (C) phase are investigated by high resolution (HR) transmission electron microscopy because phase transitions are strongly hysteretic. The phases which had been identified were Normal(T>543K,no modurated wave, the Cdl2 type of structure, ao=0.336nm co=0.590nm), IC(354K< T< 543K), NC(non-commensurate or nearly commensurate, 185K<T<353K) and C(T<K). On heating from the C phase, the new phase called the T phase (nearly commensurate triclinic ) appears between 200K and 280K, and that has the discommensuration (DC) network. The HR observations at low temperature reveal both the three dimentional structure of the C phase and the DC network structure of the T phase.On cooling from the IC phase, the structure of the NC phase is essentially incommensurate in the basal plane and a continuous rotation of the moduration direction towards the C phase occurs.


2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (27) ◽  
pp. 4913-4933 ◽  
Author(s):  
BOHDAN LEV ◽  
HIROSHI YOKOYAMA

A unified approach is proposed which provides both microscopic and phenomenological description of the first-order phase transition accompanied by the formation of thermodynamically stable bubbles of the new phase. A procedure is proposed for selecting the probable states whose contribution in the thermodynamic behavior of the system is dominant. This technique makes it possible to take into account fluctuation of any scales and to obtain a closed expression for the parameters of the new phase formation, in particular its dimensions, lifetime and time of relaxation towards a thermodynamically stable state. The feasibility of experimental observation the parameters dependence of the new phase bubble on the governing quantities is discussed.


Author(s):  
J. P. Zhang ◽  
L. D. Marks

In this work we present a symmetry rule for the phase transitions in transition metal oxides driven by DIET of oxygen in an electron microscope. The phase transitions are to a structure with a higher point group symmetry. The new phase with a lower oxygen content is either one with a supergroup symmetry with respect to the original phase, or an amorphous intermediary. If a possible lower oxygen content phase does not have the correct supergroup symmetry, it is not formed. Of this type are the phase transitions in TiO2, MoO3, WO3, V2O5 and Ta2o5 of which the experimental results are listed in the first section of Table 1. It is also found that the point group is conserved during the phase transition if the oxide belongs to the highest groups Oh or D6h, for instance NiO, CoO and ZnO. This symmetry selection rule can therefore be used to predict the route of the phase transition. The selection rule is:


2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Irges ◽  
Fotis Koutroulis

AbstractWe construct the zero temperature (no compact dimensions) effective action for an SU(2) Yang–Mills theory in five dimensions, with boundary conditions that reduce the symmetry on the four-dimensional boundary located at the origin to a U(1)-complex scalar system. In order to be sensitive to the Higgs phase, we need to include higher dimensional operators in the effective action, which can be naturally achieved by generating it by expanding the corresponding lattice construction in small lattice spacing, taking the naive continuum limit and then renormalizing. In addition, we build in the effective action non-perturbative information, related to a first order quantum phase transition known to exist. As a result, the effective action acquires a finite cut-off that is low and the fine tuning of the scalar mass is rather mild.


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