scholarly journals Immigration and economic mobility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria F. Hoen ◽  
Simen Markussen ◽  
Knut Røed
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Class Background ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Relative Prime

AbstractWe examine how immigration affects natives’ relative prime-age labor market outcomes by economic class background, with class background established on the basis of parents’ earnings rank. Exploiting alternative sources of variation in immigration patterns across time and space, we find that immigration from low-income countries reduces intergenerational mobility and thus steepens the social gradient in natives’ labor market outcomes, whereas immigration from high-income countries levels it. These findings are robust with respect to a wide range of identifying assumptions. The analysis is based on high-quality population-wide administrative data from Norway, which is one of the rich-world countries with the most rapid rise in the immigrant population share over the past two decades. Our findings suggest that immigration can explain a considerable part of the observed relative decline in economic performance among natives with a lower-class background.

Political Parties and Labor-Market Outcomes: Evidence from US States

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis-Philippe Beland
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
White Workers

This paper estimates the causal impact of the party allegiance (Republican or Democratic) of US governors on labor-market outcomes. I match gubernatorial elections with March Current Population Survey (CPS) data for income years 1977 to 2008. Using a regression discontinuity design, I find that Democratic governors cause an increase in the annual hours worked by blacks relative to whites, which leads to a reduction in the racial earnings gap between black and white workers. The results are consistent and robust to using a wide range of models, controls, and specifications. (JEL D72, J15, J22, J31, R23)

scholarly journals Sub-national union coverage and the youth's labor market outcomes: evidence from a national survey in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thang Ngoc Bach ◽  
Hung Ly Dai ◽  
Viet Hung Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Le
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
National Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Union Coverage ◽  
Wide Range

PurposeThis paper examines the effects of sub-national union coverage on the youth's labor market outcomes.Design/methodology/approachIn the context of the private business sector in Vietnam, this study link individual labor market data with union coverage at provincial level in the period 2013–2016 to investigate the effects of sub-national union coverage on the youth's labor market outcomes. Contingent on the outcome variable, we use the OLS and probit model that control for diverse individual characteristics, year- and industry-fixed effects, and particularly control for selection bias in the labor market.FindingsThe empirical results show that the union coverage is positively associated with a wide range of the youth's labor market outcomes, including employment status, wage rate, work hour, and job formality. Also, the coverage is complementary to individual labor contract in determining the youth's wage rate.Originality/valueThis study provides an in-depth study on the interplay between trade union and the youth's labor market outcomes that contributes to the literature of labor market institutions and youth employment policies in a dynamic transitional economy of Vietnam.

scholarly journals Tackling Youth Unemployment: Evidence From a Labor Market Experiment in Uganda

Econometrica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 2369-2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Alfonsi ◽  
Oriana Bandiera ◽  
Vittorio Bassi ◽  
Robin Burgess ◽  
Imran Rasul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Job Offers ◽  
Market Experiment ◽  
Employment Rates

We design a labor market experiment to compare demand‐ and supply‐side policies to tackle youth unemployment, a key issue in low‐income countries. The experiment tracks 1700 workers and 1500 firms over four years to compare the effect of offering workers either vocational training (VT) or firm‐provided training (FT) for six months in a common setting where youth unemployment is above 60%. Relative to control workers, we find that, averaged over three post‐intervention years, FT and VT workers: (i) enjoy large and similar upticks in sector‐specific skills, (ii) significantly improve their employment rates, and (iii) experience marked improvements in an index of labor market outcomes. These averages, however, mask differences in dynamics: FT gains materialize quickly but fade over time, while VT gains emerge slowly but are long‐lasting, leading VT worker employment and earning profiles to rise above those of FT workers. Estimating a job ladder model of worker search reveals the key reason for this: VT workers receive significantly higher rates of job offers when unemployed, thus hastening their movement back into work. This likely stems from the fact that the skills of VT workers are certified and therefore can be demonstrated to potential employers. Tackling youth unemployment by skilling youth using vocational training pre‐labor market entry therefore appears to be more effective than incentivizing firms through wage subsidies to hire and train young labor market entrants.

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