scholarly journals Analgesia to pressure–pain develops in the ipsilateral forehead after high- and low-frequency electrical stimulation of the forearm

2013 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lechi Vo ◽  
Peter D. Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Deep Brain Stimulation of the Posterior Insula in Chronic Pain: A Theoretical Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
David Bergeron ◽  
Sami Obaid ◽  
Marie-Pierre Fournier-Gosselin ◽  
Alain Bouthillier ◽  
Dang Khoa Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Introduction: To date, clinical trials of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for refractory chronic pain have yielded unsatisfying results. Recent evidence suggests that the posterior insula may represent a promising DBS target for this indication. Methods: We present a narrative review highlighting the theoretical basis of posterior insula DBS in patients with chronic pain. Results: Neuroanatomical studies identified the posterior insula as an important cortical relay center for pain and interoception. Intracranial neuronal recordings showed that the earliest response to painful laser stimulation occurs in the posterior insula. The posterior insula is one of the only regions in the brain whose low-frequency electrical stimulation can elicit painful sensations. Most chronic pain syndromes, such as fibromyalgia, had abnormal functional connectivity of the posterior insula on functional imaging. Finally, preliminary results indicated that high-frequency electrical stimulation of the posterior insula can acutely increase pain thresholds. Conclusion: In light of the converging evidence from neuroanatomical, brain lesion, neuroimaging, and intracranial recording and stimulation as well as non-invasive stimulation studies, it appears that the insula is a critical hub for central integration and processing of painful stimuli, whose high-frequency electrical stimulation has the potential to relieve patients from the sensory and affective burden of chronic pain.

Effects of chronic low-frequency electrical stimulation of human knee extensor muscles exposed to static passive stretching

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Shenkman ◽  
E. V. Lyubaeva ◽  
D. V. Popov ◽  
A. I. Netreba ◽  
O. S. Tarasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Passive Stretching ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Knee Extensor Muscles ◽  
Stimulation Of

Electrical Stimulation of the Guinea Pig Cochlea

1987 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Maslan ◽  
Josef M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Cochlear Prosthesis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Evoked Responses ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Histopathologic Findings ◽  
Stimulation Of

As a result of practical considerations, histopathologic findings of the temporal bone in humans with cochlear prosthesis implants have been limited. This project attempts to better define safe parameters of electrical stimulation of the inner ear and compare the safe limits of intracochlear vs. extracochlear stimulation sites. Guinea pigs were implanted with single electrodes either on the promontory or in the scala tympani and were stimulated relative to a remote indifferent for 12 hours distributed over a 4-week period. Electrical auditory brainstem evoked responses (EABRs) were tested before and after each of four 3-hour stimulation sessions. Six weeks after implantation, the animals were killed, and their cochleas were examined under the scanning electron microscope. Intracochlear electrodes exhibited thresholds for damage well below one half of that found for most extracochlear stimulation sites. The function-relating damage threshold (in amperes) to frequency of intracochlear stimulation is represented by two straight lines, with an intercept of 1 kHz. The low-frequency limb exhibited a slope of 3 to 4 dB/octave, whereas the high-frequency limb exhibited a slope of 9 to 10 dB/octave. Extracochlear results were too variable to permit speculation. Changes in EABRs were only variably related to histopathologic findings.

Excitation-induced Ca2+uptake in rat skeletal muscle

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. R331-R339 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gissel ◽  
T. Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
Edl Muscle ◽  
Isotonic Contractions ◽  
Progressive Accumulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

In isolated rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle mounted for isometric contractions, chronic low-frequency electrical stimulation was found to lead to an increased uptake of45Ca (154% above control after 240 min) and a progressive accumulation of Ca2+ (85% above control after 240 min). In soleus, however, this treatment led to a small, but significant, increase in 45Ca uptake (30% above control after 180 min) but no significant accumulation of Ca2+. In muscles mounted for isotonic contractions without any external load, electrical stimulation gave rise to a larger45Ca uptake and accumulation of Ca2+ in both EDL and soleus. These uptakes of Ca2+ coincided with an accumulation of Na+. During isometric or isotonic contractions, stimulation at 40 Hz increased the initial (60 s) rate of 45Ca uptake in soleus muscle 15- and 30-fold, respectively. The stimulation-induced increase in 45Ca uptake was only reduced by 17% by the Ca2+-channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil but was blocked by tetrodotoxin. The initial rate of stimulation-induced 22Na and45Ca uptake was correlated ( r = 0.80; P < 0.003). Stimulation of Na+ channels with veratridine increased 45Ca uptake by 93 and 139% in soleus and EDL, respectively ( P < 0.001), effects that were abolished by tetrodotoxin. The results indicate that in skeletal muscle, excitation induces a considerable influx of Ca2+, mediated by Na+ channels.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal properties of eye movements produced by electrical stimulation of semicircular canal afferents

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 1511-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Lewis ◽  
Csilla Haburcakova ◽  
Wangsong Gong ◽  
Faisal Karmali ◽  
Daniel M. Merfeld
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Velocity Storage ◽  
Rotational Axis ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Normal Manner ◽  
Semicircular Canal Afferents ◽  
Stimulation Of

To investigate the characteristics of eye movements produced by electrical stimulation of semicircular canal afferents, we studied the spatial and temporal features of eye movements elicited by short-term lateral canal stimulation in two squirrel monkeys with plugged lateral canals, with the head upright or statically tilted in the roll plane. The electrically induced vestibuloocular reflex (eVOR) evoked with the head upright decayed more quickly than the stimulation signal provided by the electrode, demonstrating an absence of the classic velocity storage effect that improves the dynamics of the low-frequency VOR. When stimulation was provided with the head tilted in roll, however, the eVOR decayed more rapidly than when the head was upright, and a cross-coupled vertical response developed that shifted the eye's rotational axis toward alignment with gravity. These results demonstrate that rotational information provided by electrical stimulation of canal afferents interacts with otolith inputs (or other graviceptive cues) in a qualitatively normal manner, a process that is thought to be mediated by the velocity storage network. The observed interaction between the eVOR and graviceptive cues is of critical importance for the development of a functionally useful vestibular prosthesis. Furthermore, the presence of gravity-dependent effects (dumping, spatial orientation) despite an absence of low-frequency augmentation of the eVOR has not been previously described in any experimental preparation.

Two slow conduction systems co-ordinate shell-climbing behaviour in the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica

1976 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-445
Author(s):  
I. D. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sensory Response ◽  
Pulse Interval ◽  
Nerve Net ◽  
Slow Conduction ◽  
Calliactis Parasitica ◽  
Climbing Behaviour ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Pulses in two slow conducting systems, the ectodermal SS 1 and the endodermal SS 2, were recorded during shell-climbing behaviour. The mean pulse interval of SS 1 pulses was 7–4 s and that of SS 2 pulses was 6-4 s. Activity in both systems may arise as a sensory response of tentacles to shell contact, but the SS 1 and SS 2 may not share the same receptors. 2. Electrical stimulation of the SS 1 and SS 2 together, at a frequency of 1 shock every 5 s, elicits shell-climbing behaviour in the absence of a shell. 3. Low-frequency nerve-net activity (about 1 pulse every 15 s) accompanies column bending during both normal and electrically elicited responses. This activity probably arises as a result of column bending and is not due to a sensory response to the shell.

Pain suppression induced by electrical stimulation of the pontine parabrachial region

1985 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio A. F. DeSalles ◽  
Yoichi Katayama ◽  
Donald P. Becker ◽  
Ronald L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cholinergic Stimulation ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Stimulation Of

✓ Cholinergic stimulation by microinjection of drugs into a region surrounding the lateral half of the brachium conjunctivum selectively produces a non-opiate form of pain suppression in the cat. Since this suppression does not appear to involve neural systems that mediate morphine analgesia, stimulation of this pontine parabrachial region (PBR) may potentially be useful for control of human pain resistant or tolerant to opiate treatment. Because of technical problems associated with the clinical use of microinjection techniques in the human brain, we investigated whether electrical stimulation of the PBR can produce pain suppression similar to pain suppression produced by cholinergic stimulation. The results indicate that electrical stimulation of an area generally corresponding to the PBR can also produce significant pain suppression. Although the PBR is a region previously implicated in a variety of behavioral and physiological functions, the stimulation parameters that produce maximal pain suppressive effects (namely, low frequency and relatively low intensity) were not associated with noticeable changes in such functions. The prolonged onset period and persistent analgesic effects outlasting the period of stimulation — features that have been reported in other studies of brain stimulation-produced pain suppression — were observed in the present study. The time course of pain suppression did not parallel other changes in behavioral and physiological functions. These data indicate that electrical stimulation of the PBR, under certain stimulation parameters, can activate previously demonstrated neural populations related to pain suppression without affecting neural elements contributing to other behavioral or physiological functions. The authors suggest that electrical stimulation of the PBR may be clinically applicable for treatment of human pain.

scholarly journals Analysis of Evoked EMG using Wavelet Transformation

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Zaid Bin Mahbub ◽  
JH Karami ◽  
K Siddique-e Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Wavelet Transformation ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Thenar Muscle ◽  
Stationary Signals ◽  
Stimulation Of

Evoked EMG M-responses obtained from the thenar muscle in the palm by electrical stimulation of the median nerve demonstrate a well-established smooth bipolar shape for normal healthy subjects while kinks are observed in certain neurological disorders, particularly in cervical spondylotic neuropathy. A first differentiation failed to identify these kinks because of comparable values obtained for normally rising and falling segments of the smooth regions, and due to noise. In this study, the usefulness of the wavelet transform (WT), that provides localized measures of non-stationary signals is investigated. The Haar WT was used to analyze a total of 36 M-responses recorded from the median nerves of 6 normal subjects (having smooth shape) and 12 subjects with assumed neurological disorders (having kinks), for two points of stimulation on the same nerve. Features in the time-scale representation of the M-responses were studied using WT to distinguish smooth M-responses from ones with kinks. Variations in the coefficient line of the WT were also studied to allow visualization of WT at different scales (inverse of frequency). The high and low frequency regions in the WT came out distinctively which helped identifications of kinks even of very subtle ones in the M-responses which were difficult to obtain using the differentiated signal. In conclusion, the wavelet analysis may be a technique of choice in identifying kinks in M-responses in relation to time, thus enhancing the accuracy of neurological diagnosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v5i1.14667 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.5 No.1 2012 41-51

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