Microencapsulated bile salt hydrolase producing Lactobacillus reuteri for oral targeted delivery in the gastrointestinal tract

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Martoni ◽  
Jasmine Bhathena ◽  
Aleksandra Malgorzata Urbanska ◽  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase

Protective effect of the bile salt hydrolase-active Lactobacillus reuteri against bile salt cytotoxicity

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De Boever ◽  
R. Wouters ◽  
L. Verschaeve ◽  
P. Berckmans ◽  
G. Schoeters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase

scholarly journals Cholesterol lowering in pigs through enhanced bacterial bile salt hydrolase activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. De Smet ◽  
P. De Boever ◽  
W. Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The effect of feeding liveLactobacillus reutericells containing active bile salt hydrolase (BSH) on plasma cholesterol levels was studied in pigs. During an experiment lasting 13 weeks, twenty pigs were fed on a high-fat, high-cholesterol, low-fibre diet for the first 10 weeks, and a regular pig diet for the last 3 weeks. One group of animals received, twice daily, 11·25 (SD 0·16) log10colony forming units of the potential probiotic bacteria for 4 weeks (from week 3 until week 7). From week 8 onwards, the treated group was again fed on the same diet as the control group without additions. The total faecalLactobacilluscounts were only significantly higher in the treated pigs during the first 2 weeks ofL. reuterifeeding. Based on limited data, it was suggested that the administeredLactobacillusspecies had caused a temporary shift within the indigenousLactobacilluspopulation rather than permanently colonizing the intestinal tract. The probiotic feeding brought about significant lowering (P≤ 0·05) of total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the treated pigs compared with the control pigs, while no change in HDL-cholesterol concentration was observed. The data for faecal output of neutral sterols and bile salts were highly variable between the animals of each group, yet they indicated an increased output in the treated pigs. Although the blood cholesterol levels went up in both groups during the 3 weeks following theLactobacillusadministration period, significantly lower serum total and LDL-cholesterol levels were observed in the treated pigs. During the final 3 weeks of normalization to the regular diet, cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in both animal groups and the differences in total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations between the groups largely disappeared.

scholarly journals Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a microencapsulated bile salt hydrolase-activeLactobacillus reuteriNCIMB 30242 yoghurt formulation in hypercholesterolaemic adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 1505-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell L. Jones ◽  
Christopher J. Martoni ◽  
Mathieu Parent ◽  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Multi Centre Study ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Improved Strain

Several studies have reported limited or no reduction in serum cholesterol in response to probiotic formulations. Recently, probiotics have shown promise in treating metabolic disease due to improved strain selection and delivery technologies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a yoghurt formulation containing microencapsulated bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-activeLactobacillus reuteriNCIMB 30242, taken twice per d over 6 weeks, in hypercholesterolaemic adults. A total of 114 subjects completed this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, parallel-arm, multi-centre study. This interventional study included a 2-week washout, 2-week run-in and 6-week treatment period. Subjects were randomised to consume either yoghurts containing microencapsulatedL. reuteriNCIMB 30242 or placebo yoghurts. Over the intervention period, subjects consuming yoghurts containing microencapsulatedL. reuteriNCIMB 30242 attained significant reductions in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) of 8·92 % (P = 0·016), total cholesterol (TC) of 4·81 % (P = 0·031) and non-HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) of 6·01 % (P = 0·029) over placebo, and a significant absolute change in apoB-100 of − 0·19 mmol/l (P = 0·049). Serum concentrations of TAG and HDL-C were unchanged over the course of the study. Present results show that consumption of microencapsulated BSH-activeL. reuteriNCIMB 30242 yoghurt is efficacious and safe for lowering LDL-C, TC, apoB-100 and non-HDL-C in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. The efficacy of microencapsulated BSH-activeL. reuteriNCIMB 30242 yoghurts appears to be superior to traditional probiotic therapy and akin to that of other cholesterol-lowering ingredients.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus bile salt hydrolase substrate specificity governs bacterial fitness and host colonization

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. e2017709118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Foley ◽  
Sarah O’Flaherty ◽  
Garrison Allen ◽  
Alissa J. Rivera ◽  
Allison K. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Bile Resistance ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacilli

Primary bile acids (BAs) are a collection of host-synthesized metabolites that shape physiology and metabolism. BAs transit the gastrointestinal tract and are subjected to a variety of chemical transformations encoded by indigenous bacteria. The resulting microbiota-derived BA pool is a mediator of host–microbiota interactions. Bacterial bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) cleave the conjugated glycine or taurine from BAs, an essential upstream step for the production of deconjugated and secondary BAs. Probiotic lactobacilli harbor a considerable number and diversity of BSHs; however, their contribution to Lactobacillus fitness and colonization remains poorly understood. Here, we define and compare the functions of multiple BSHs encoded by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri. Our genetic and biochemical characterization of lactobacilli BSHs lend to a model of Lactobacillus adaptation to the gut. These findings deviate from previous notions that BSHs generally promote colonization and detoxify bile. Rather, we show that BSH enzymatic preferences and the intrinsic chemical features of various BAs determine the toxicity of these molecules during Lactobacillus growth. BSHs were able to alter the Lactobacillus transcriptome in a BA-dependent manner. Finally, BSHs were able to dictate differences in bacterial competition in vitro and in vivo, defining their impact on BSH-encoding bacteria within the greater gastrointestinal tract ecosystem. This work emphasizes the importance of considering the enzymatic preferences of BSHs alongside the conjugated/deconjugated BA–bacterial interaction. These results deepen our understanding of the BA–microbiome axis and provide a framework to engineer lactobacilli with improved bile resistance and use probiotics as BA-altering therapeutics.

scholarly journals Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity and Resistance to Toxicity of Conjugated Bile Salts Are Unrelated Properties in Lactobacilli

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 3476-3480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Moser ◽  
Dwayne C. Savage
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Hydrolase Activity ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Human Intestine ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Conjugated Bile Salts ◽  
Bsh Activity

ABSTRACT Bacteria of numerous species isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract express bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. How this activity contributes to functions of the microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract is not known. We tested the hypothesis that a BSH protects the cells that produce it from the toxicity of conjugated bile salts. Forty-nine strains of numerous Lactobacillusspp. were assayed to determine their capacities to express BSH activities (taurodeoxycholic acid [TDCA] hydrolase and taurocholic acid [TCA] hydrolase activities) and their capacities to resist the toxicity of a conjugated bile acid (TDCA). Thirty of these strains had been isolated from the human intestine, 15 had been recovered from dairy products, and 4 had originated from other sources. Twenty-six of the strains expressed both TDCA hydrolase and TCA hydrolase activities. One strain that expressed TDCA hydrolase activity did not express TCA hydrolase activity. Conversely, in one strain for which the assay for TDCA hydrolase activity gave a negative result there was evidence of TCA hydrolase activity. Twenty-five of the strains were found to resist the toxicity of TDCA. Fourteen of these strains were of human origin, nine were from dairy products, and two were from other sources. Of the 26 strains expressing both TDCA hydrolase and TCA hydrolase activities, 15 were resistant to TDCA toxicity, 6 were susceptible, and 5 gave inconclusive results. Of the 17 strains that gave negative results for either of the enzymes, 7 were resistant to the toxicity, 9 were susceptible, and 1 gave inconclusive results. These findings do not support the hypothesis tested. They suggest, however, that BSH activity is important at some level for lactobacillus colonization of the human intestine.

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