scholarly journals Responsibility utility and the difference between preference and desirance: implications for welfare evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Comerford ◽  
Leonhard K. Lades
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Outcome ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Choice Data ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Incentive Compatible ◽  
Welfare Evaluation ◽  
Potential Measure ◽  
The Difference

AbstractActions can provide “responsibility utility” when they signal the actors’ identities or values to others or to themselves. This paper considers a novel implication of this responsibility utility for welfare analysis: fully informed incentive-compatible choice data can give a biased measure of the utility delivered by exogenously determined outcomes. A person’s choice of a policy outcome may be informed by responsibility utility that would be strictly absent if that same person were a passive recipient of that same policy outcome. We introduce the term “desirance” to describe a rank ordering over exogenously determined outcomes and present evidence that desirance captures the welfare consequences of exogenously determined outcomes more accurately than preference. We review literatures showing that preference is sensitive to contextual variations that influence responsibility utility and show experimentally that responsibility utility can explain discrepancies between welfare estimates derived from choice data and subjective well-being data. We close by discussing subjective well-being as a potential measure of desirance.

The Difference Diwali Makes: Understanding the Contribution of a Cultural Event to Subjective Well-Being for Ethnic Minority Communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudie Walters ◽  
Thamarai Selvi Venkatachalam
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Emotional Connection ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Point Of Intersection

This research provides a nuanced understanding of the contribution of cultural events to subjective well-being for ethnic minority migrant communities, who often face significant challenges in their new lives. The paper investigates how the intersection of sense of community and subjective well-being function in this context. It focuses on the Hindu celebration of Diwali/Deepavali (the Festival of Lights) in two New Zealand cities. Data from interviews with event attendees and organisers was thematically analysed using the McMillan and Chavis ‘sense of community’ framework, overlaid with a conceptualisation of subjective well-being developed by Davidson and Cotter. The analysis reveals strong evidence of the creation and maintenance of sense of community at multiple levels, from the diasporic Indian subcommunities through to the wider non-Indian macrocommunity. The most significant components are membership, fulfilment of needs and shared emotional connection: they are also the most significant point of intersection with factors contributing to subjective well-being. These cultural events provide event attendees with opportunities to experience and express positive affects such as happiness, joy, pride, pleasure. They also demonstrate influence in that they respect, promote and support the ethnic minority migrant subcommunity and act as a bridge to form a sense of community with the macrocommunity through membership and shared emotional connection. To maximise these wider benefits, we recommend practitioners hold such events regularly, advertise widely, select venues that are readily accessible and non-threatening, and provide informative explanatory content.

Partners’ Educational Pairings and Subjective Well-Being in China: An Analysis Using the Diagonal Mobility Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110380
Author(s):  
Xiaohang Zhao ◽  
Skylar Biyang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Educational Homogamy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey

Using pooled data from the Chinese General Social Survey in 2010, 2012, 2013, and 2015, this study investigated the relationship between partners’ educational pairings and subjective well-being among Chinese. Diagonal mobility models were employed to avoid conflating the effect of each partner’s education and the effect of the difference in education between partners. The findings reveal that regarding the well-being consequences of partners’ educational pairings, the hypothesis of satisfaction with marrying up outweighs the hypothesis of educational homogamy advantages and the hypothesis of sex roles. Specifically, for both women and men, persons marrying up in education are more likely to feel happy than their educationally homogamous counterparts. Moreover, educational hypergamy confers more psychological benefits to women in high-income communities than those in low-income communities. In addition, the earnings difference between partners plays a part in men’s SWB. Husbands who earn less than their wives are more likely to be unhappy than those whose earnings are 1–1.5 times those of their wives, suggesting that sex-role norms are at work. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the well-being consequences of educational heterogamy.

scholarly journals Midwifery matters: resilience and subjective wellbeing of midwives

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Caiazzo ◽  
L Kundisowa ◽  
G Bocci ◽  
N Vonci ◽  
L Alaimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Resilience is the ability to resist, cope with life positively after suffering a negative event. Midwifery has been defined as ’emotionally demanding’; midwives with an higher levels of resilience experience higher levels of subjective well-being (SWB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between resilience and SWB amongst midwives. Materials and methods Data were collected using a questionnaire, distributed between September 2018-January 2019 in hospitals in the Tuscany region (Italy). For evaluation of SWB, we used OECD scale (2013) evaluating three items: actual happiness (AH); emotive wellbeing (BE) composed of positive (PA) and negative affect (NA) and life satisfaction (LS). Also, job satisfaction (JS) was evaluated. Resilience (RS) was evaluated using the Italian version of the Resilience Scale by Wagnild and Young. All items were expressed on the Likert scale, statistical analysis was performed with Minitab 18. Results In total 123 questionnaires were analyzed. The average scores were: AH: 6.9±1.8; BE: 5.9±1.6; PA: 6.0±1.8; NA: 4.2±2.1; LS: 7.1±1.6; JS: 6.5 ± 2.4. Average R was 130.3±18.1. RS was correlated (p < 0.001) to AH (Coef=0.4), PA (Coef=0.4), BE (Coef=0.3) e LS (Coef=0.4). The sample was divided into three groups according to RS: low (LR)<116, medium (MR):116-139 and high (HR) ≥140. MR represented 44%, followed by HR (35%). AH, PA, BE values were significantly higher in the HR group (ANOVA; Tukey; p < 0.001). For NA the highest values were observed in the LR group, but the difference was not significant. LS resulted significantly lower in LR group (ANOVA; Tukey; p < 0.001) and JS was significantly higher in medium resilience group in confrontation to other two groups (ANOVA; Tukey; p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results confirmed, that the higher levels of RS influenced positively almost all components of SWB (AH, PA, BE, LS). On the other hand to achieve a higher level of JS the level of RS should not be nor too high, nor too low. Key messages Midwifery has been defined as ’emotionally demanding’, higher levels of resilience influenced positively almost all components of subjective wellbeing. The medium resilience was correlated to higher level of job satisfaction.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Subjective Well-Being Among Working Mothers in Indonesia and China

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Resnia Novitasari ◽  
Hazhira Qudsyi ◽  
Tika Pratiwi Ambarito ◽  
Eri Yudhani ◽  
Fakhrunnisak Fakhrunnisak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
The Difference

Objective - This study investigates cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being among working mothers in Indonesia and China, as members of the big five countries with high density populations in the world. Methodology/Technique - The participants in this study include 168 working mothers, of which 118 are Indonesian and 50 are Chinese. The subjective well-being variable was measured using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and The Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences (SPANE). This study also uses an independent sample t-test to examine the difference between the two. Findings - The results show that t (116) = 2.779, p = 0.006, which indicates that there are different conditions between working mothers in Indonesia and China that affect subjective well-being. Type of Paper - Empirical. Keywords: China; Indonesia; Comparative Study; Subjective Well-Being; Working Mothers. JEL Classification: J16, P52.

scholarly journals Subjective Well-Being Siswa SMA Jurusan IPA dan IPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Komang A. W. Mahayasih ◽  
Dian Lestari Anakaka ◽  
Fredericksen Victoranto Amseke
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
T Test ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect

Subjective well-being is circumstances of prosperous and self-satisfaction, which is the positive satisfaction that happens if the need and hope of someone is being fulfilled. Subjective well-being is caused by positive effect, negative effect, and life satisfaction effect. The purpose of this research is to find out the difference of subjective well-being of eleventh grades students of science and social programs. The sampling technique of this research is purposive sampling with the number of samples are 147 students in SMA Negeri 3 Kupang. The method of data analysis is t-test analysis method. The result of this research showed that the difference of subjective well-being of eleventh grade students of science and social programs with coefficient contras of t-test is 0,000 with p < 0,05

scholarly journals The Happy Migrant? Emigration and its Impact on Subjective Well-Being

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-204
Author(s):  
Jean Guedes Auditor ◽  
Marcel Erlinghagen
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe chapter asks about possible causal effects of migration on subjective well-being (SWB) measured by self-reported overall life satisfaction. By combining the emigration sample of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS) with a quasi-counterfactual sample of internationally non-mobile Germans provided by the Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) the difference-in-difference analyses show that emigration is actually accompanied by an increase in SWB. Based on propensity score matching procedures and compared to non-mobile German stayers, German first-time emigrants show a significant increase in SWB shortly after arrival in their host country. For most emigrants, migration pays off not only economically via increasing incomes but also with regard to an increase in life satisfaction. However, the underlying analysis has certain limitations and we therefore discuss the significance of the presented evidence and consequences and challenges for future research.

scholarly journals Momentary subjective well-being depends on learning and not reward

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastien Blain ◽  
Robb B Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Reward Prediction Error ◽  
Reward Prediction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Momentary Happiness

Subjective well-being or happiness is often associated with wealth. Recent studies suggest that momentary happiness is associated with reward prediction error, the difference between experienced and predicted reward, a key component of adaptive behaviour. We tested subjects in a reinforcement learning task in which reward size and probability were uncorrelated, allowing us to dissociate between the contributions of reward and learning to happiness. Using computational modelling, we found convergent evidence across stable and volatile learning tasks that happiness, like behaviour, is sensitive to learning-relevant variables (i.e. probability prediction error). Unlike behaviour, happiness is not sensitive to learning-irrelevant variables (i.e. reward prediction error). Increasing volatility reduces how many past trials influence behaviour but not happiness. Finally, depressive symptoms reduce happiness more in volatile than stable environments. Our results suggest that how we learn about our world may be more important for how we feel than the rewards we actually receive.

scholarly journals VARIANTS OF LIFE TRAJECTORIES AMONG PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING AND LIFE QUALITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Khazova ◽  
Inna Tikhonova ◽  
Tatiana Adeeva
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
The Difference

<p class="normal">The article presents the results of the study of life trajectory variants among persons with disabilities as well as their social and personal characteristics: life satisfaction, life quality assessment, well-being, and coping strategies. The total sample was 87 people. The study suggests 3 variants of life trajectories among persons with disabilities. They differ in such parameters as dynamics, narrative, connection between events and one’s emotions, modality of emotions, number of important events, and their content. The reported life quality assessments slightly characterize the life trajectory variants. We identified the difference both between the levels of one’s social well-being satisfaction and subjective well-being in the 3 variants of life trajectories. We also observe specificities of the coping strategies. The results can be used to design programs of psychological assistance, accompany persons with disabilities, develop positive life strategies, and achieve high subjective well-being levels</p>

The Effects of Counting Blessings on Subjective Well-Being: A Gratitude Intervention in a Spanish Sample

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 886-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Luisa Martínez-Martí ◽  
María Dolores Avia ◽  
María José Hernández-Lloreda
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Gratitude Intervention ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Long Term Impact

This study examined a gratitude intervention repeating Emmons and McCullough study (2003) in a Spanish sample. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (gratitude, hassles and any event) and kept daily records during 2 weeks of gratitude, affect, quality of relationships, physical and subjective well-being. We added design features to assess the intervention long-term impact (follow-up measures), and to improve the design control (pre-treatment measures). Following the cited authors' analysis, i.e., comparing groups only in the post-test, we replicated their results, finding differences in positive affect and gratitude between the gratitude condition and the hassles condition. However, when including both the pre and the follow-up measures in the analysis, results were replicated only partially, as the difference in gratitude disappeared. Moreover, the difference in positive affect between groups in the post-test seemed to be influenced mainly by a decrease in positive affect in the hassles group. Post-test differences between groups in positive affect disappeared in the follow-up. Gratitude interventions may have an effect on well-being, but we consider other methods to promote gratitude besides gratitude journals should be tested.

Affective and Social Self- Regulatory Efficacy Beliefs as Determinants of Positive Thinking and Happiness

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽  
Patrizia Steca
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Social Self ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Affective Components ◽  
Latent Dimension

Abstract. In line with prior work, the present study aimed at examining a conceptual model positing that affective and social self-regulatory efficacy beliefs influence one's cognitive and affective components of subjective well-being, namely, positive thinking and happiness. Positive thinking corresponds to the latent dimension underlying life satisfaction, self-esteem, and optimism. Happiness, instead, corresponds to the difference between positive and negative affect, as they are experienced in a variety of daily life situations. The study was conducted on 683 Italian adults belonging to six different age groups. The findings of the study corroborated the paths of relations linking the examined variables.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document