Rodent control programmes can integrate Echinococcus multilocularis surveillance by facilitating parasite genotyping: the case of Arvicola terrestris voles screening in France

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Umhang ◽  
Jean-Michel Demerson ◽  
Léo Legras ◽  
Jean-Marc Boucher ◽  
Carine Peytavin de Garam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Rodent Control ◽  
Arvicola Terrestris ◽  
Control Programmes

High prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in urban red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and voles (Arvicola terrestris) in the city of Zürich, Switzerland

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HOFER ◽  
S. GLOOR ◽  
U. MÜLLER ◽  
A. MATHIS ◽  
D. HEGGLIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Arvicola Terrestris ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The City ◽  
City Park

Over a period of 26 months from January 1996 to February 1998, 388 foxes from the city of Zürich, Switzerland, were examined for intestinal infections with Echinococcus multilocularis and other helminths. The prevalence of E. multilocularis in foxes sampled during winter increased significantly from 47% in the urban to 67% in the adjacent recreational area, whereas prevalence rates of other helminths were similar in both areas. Seasonal differences in the prevalence of E. multilocularis were only found in urban subadult male foxes which were significantly less frequently infected in summer than in winter. The distribution of the Echinococcus biomass, as expressed by worm numbers per fox was overdispersed in 133 infected foxes randomly sampled in winter. Ten of these foxes (8%) were infected with more than 10000 specimens and carried 72% of the total biomass of E. multilocularis (398653 worms). Prevalences did not differ significantly in these foxes in regard to age and sex but worm burdens were significantly higher in subadult foxes as compared with adult foxes. In voles (Arvicola terrestris) trapped in a city park of Zürich, E. multilocularis metacestodes were identified by morphological examination and by PCR. The prevalence was 20% among 60 rodents in 1997 and 9% among 75 rodents in 1998. Protoscoleces occurred in 2 of the cases from 1997. The possible risk for human infection is discussed with respect to the established urban E. multilocularis cycle.

The expression of TGF-β 1, TβR and Smad2/3 in liver infected with Echinococcus multilocularis

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S57-S57
Author(s):  
Jianbing Ding ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
Xu Qi ◽  
Xiumin Ma ◽  
Renyong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis

Landscape composition and vole outbreaks: evidence from an eight year study of Arvicola terrestris

Ecography ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Fichet-Calvet ◽  
B. Pradier ◽  
J. P. Quere ◽  
P. Giraudoux ◽  
P. Delattre
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Composition ◽  
Arvicola Terrestris

Surgical treatment of alveolar echinococcosis: a single centre experience and systematic review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Single Centre Experience ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures

Introduction: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. AE is primarily localised in the liver. Echinococcus multilocularis imitates tumour-like behaviour. It can metastasise through blood or lymphatic system to distant organs. Echinococcosis often remains asymptomatic due to its long incubation period and indistinct symptoms. Clinical symptoms are determined by the parasite’s location. Diagnosis of echinococcosis is based on medical history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, serology results, imaging methods and final histology findings. Surgical removal of the cyst with a safety margin, followed by chemotherapy is the therapeutic method of choice. Case report: We present a case report of alveolar echinococcosis in a thirty-year-old female patient in whom we surgically removed multiple liver foci of alveolar echinococcosis. The disease recurred after two years and required another surgical intervention. Conclusions: Alveolar echinococcosis is a disease with a high potential for a complete cure provided that it is diagnosed early and that the recommended therapeutic procedures are strictly adhered to.

Reports on Recent Activities of European Food Safety Authority

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-220
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Official Control ◽  
National Programmes ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Risk Managers

This report provides an overview of the 2017 official control activities on pesticide residues carried out in the European Union (EU) Member States, Iceland and Norway. It summarises the results of both the 2017 EU-coordinated control programme (EUCP) and the national control programmes (NP). While the NPs are mostly risk based (so called enforcement samples) focusing on pesticides or products originating from countries where a number of exceedances have been observed in the past, the EUCP aims to present a statistically representative snapshot of the situation of pesticide residues in food products that are mostly consumed in the EU following a random sampling procedure. The report includes the outcome of a dietary risk assessment based on the results of the overall 2017 control programmes. The comprehensive analysis of the results of all reporting countries provides risk managers with sound-based evidence for designing future monitoring programmes, in particular for taking decisions on which pesticides and food products should be targeted in risk-based national programmes.

Determinants of Aggregate Fertility in Pakistan

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-570
Author(s):  
Ghulam Yasin Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Fertility Behaviour ◽  
Human Fertility ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
The Difference

Experiencing high fertility and declining mortality levels, the developing countries are today faced with the problem of relatively high rates of natural increase in their populations. This pace of growth in population, influenced by high fertility levels, impedes the overall development planning. As pointed out in a document prepared by the Planning Commission of Pakistan, 'A vicious circle is set in motion in which high fertility and socio-economic stagnation breed upon each other' [5]. In the developing countries, development programmes including birth control programmes are in operation. The sustained high fertility levels, therefore, call for more insights into the mechanisms operating in the society and influencing fertility. Studies of fertility behaviour are conducted at both micro and macro levels. The difference between micro and macro is a matter of emphasis rather than one of kind, and both approaches are concerned with each level of social aggregation. Macrolevel studies describe the level and pattern of change resulting from the ongoing socio-econornic development in the society as a whole and do not explain variations in fertility at the household level [12]. However, development programmes, which are implemented at aggregate levels defined by geographical boundaries, influence the population in terms of socio-economic status and fertility behaviour. There are many factors which affect human fertility individually or collectively. Attempts have been made to identify these factors, and conceptual frameworks have been developed to explain the causal hypotheses. In this context mention may be made of the demographic transition theory, which is often applied to study fertility behaviour.

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