Immune complexes of E. coli antigens and maternal IgG in the bursa of Fabricius

Background and Aim: Probiotics improve intestinal balance through bacterial antagonism and competitive exclusion. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity, as well as the in vivo preventive, immunological, productive, and histopathological modifications produced by probiotic Bacillus subtilis. Materials and Methods: The in vitro antimicrobial activities of B. subtilis (5×106 CFU/g; 0.5, 1.0*, 1.5, and 2.0 g/L) were tested against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes after exposure times of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 h using minimal inhibitory concentration procedures. A total of 320 1-day-old female Ross broiler chickens were divided into five groups. Four out of the five groups were supplemented with 0.5, 1.0*, 1.5, and 2.0 g/L probiotic B. subtilis from the age of 1 day old. Supplemented 14-day-old broiler chickens were challenged with only E. coli O157: H7 (4.5×1012 CFU/mL) and S. Typhimurium (1.2×107 CFU/mL). A total of 2461 samples (256 microbial-probiotic mixtures, 315 sera, 315 duodenal swabs, and 1575 organs) were collected. Results: The in vitro results revealed highly significant (p<0.001) killing rates at all-time points in 2.0 g/L B. subtilis: 99.9%, 90.0%, 95.6%, and 98.8% against E. coli, S. Typhimurium, C. albicans, and T. mentagrophytes, respectively. Broilers supplemented with 1.5 and 2.0 g/L B. subtilis revealed highly significant increases (p<0.01) in body weights, weight gains, carcass weights, edible organs' weights, immune organs' weights, biochemical profile, and immunoglobulin concentrations, as well as highly significant declines (p<0.01) in total bacterial, Enterobacteriaceae, and Salmonella counts. Histopathological photomicrographs revealed pronounced improvements and near-normal pictures of the livers and hearts of broilers with lymphoid hyperplasia in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen after supplementation with 2.0 g/L B. subtilis. Conclusion: The studies revealed that 1.5-2.0 g of probiotic B. subtilis at a concentration of 5×106 CFU/g/L water was able to improve performance, enhance immunity, and tissue architecture, and produce direct antimicrobial actions.

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Immunological aspects of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with periprosthetic infection and osteomyelitis

Likarska sprava ◽

10.31640/jvd.1-2.2020(2) ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 8-15

Author(s):

P. G. Kravchun ◽

M. O. Korzh ◽

I. P. Dunaeva ◽

F. S. Leontieva ◽

I. V. Gusakov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Immune Complexes ◽

Synovial Membrane ◽

Periprosthetic Infection ◽

Circulating Immune Complexes ◽

Cartilage Tissue ◽

E Coli ◽

Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism ◽

Lymphocytotoxic Antibodies

A study of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and immunological examination of patients with periprosthetic infection after knee and hip joint endoprosthetics (n = 16) and osteomyelitis (n = 20) was conducted. The patients with periprosthetic infection were characterized by anemia, eosinophilia, impaired glucose tolerance, cholestasis, predisposition to elevated atherogenesis, increased circulating immune complexes, autoimmune granulocytotoxic antibodies, immunoglobulins IgM, IgG, IgA and sensitization to synovial membrane and Staphylococcus aureus. The patients with osteomyelitis did not develop increased glucose and cholesterine level, but showed increased aminotransferases, thymol test, chondroitinsulfates, decrease of calcium and production of the leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF), both non-specific and to the antigens of cartilage tissue and sensitization to Streptococcus and E. coli. In patients with infections of the musculoskeletal system, glucose metabolism disturbances have been associated with the presence of autoimmune lymphocytotoxic antibodies, reduced production of LiF, both non-specific and to the antigens of synovial membrane. Atherogenesis was associated with increased circulating immune complexes, autoimmune lymphocytotoxic and granulocytotoxic antibodies, decreased LIF and sensitization to connective tissue antigens and pathogenic microorganisms, especially to Streptococcus and Proteus. Anemia was associated with increased autoimmune lymphocytotoxic antibodies, delayed-type sensitization to bone and cartilage tissue, to Staphylococcus and sensitization by accelerated type to E. coli and Proteus. Physicians should analyse immunological data while treating and monitoring the patients with connective tissue infections and disturbances of glucose and cholesterine metabolism.

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Fetal alkaline phosphatase/maternal IgG immune complexes in trisomy 21 pregnancies

Prenatal Diagnosis ◽

10.1002/pd.1970151118 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 1084-1085 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Grozdea ◽

H. Vergnes ◽

A. Brisson-Lougarre ◽

C. Pellegry ◽

G. Bourrouillou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Immune Complexes ◽

Trisomy 21 ◽

Maternal Igg

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Cytological observations of transfer of immune complexes via porcine erythrocytes

10.7287/peerj.preprints.26881 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Yin ◽

Chun Wang ◽

Kuohai Fan ◽

Na Sun ◽

Yaogui Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Confocal Microscopy ◽

Fluorescence Intensity ◽

Immune Complexes ◽

Observation Time ◽

Control Group ◽

Laser Confocal Microscopy ◽

Functional Protein ◽

Blank Control Group ◽

E Coli

ABSTRACT Although the activation of pathogen phagocytosis via complement system has been studied, erythrocyte-phagocyte interactions in pigs are not clearly understood. Therefore, we sought to investigate the ability of porcine erythrocytes to clear immune complexes by using laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry to observe the immune adhesion of porcine erythrocytes to fluorescent bacilli and the immune presentation process of transferring fluorescent bacilli to macrophages. Isolated porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) had uniform morphology and size, and a survival rate of 97.2%. The phagocytosis rate was 98.8%. After WT E. coli was labeled with FITC, the bacteria showed a bright green fluorescence, and the labeling rate was 92.3%. When laser confocal microscopy was utilized to observe the co-incubation system of porcine erythrocytes, PAM, and fluorescent E. coli, the fluorescence intensity of bacilli decreased with increasing observation time and even disappeared. Flow Cytometry examination showed that the average fluorescence intensity of PAMs co-incubated with porcine erythrocytes adhered to WT-E. coli-FITC, was significantly higher than that of normal PAMs. Furthermore, when porcine erythrocytes adhered to WT E. coli were incubated with PAMs, the surface mean fluorescence intensity of porcine erythrocytes was significantly higher than that of the blank control group. This shows that PAMs can competitively bind to the oposinized E. coli adhered to the surface of porcine erythrocytes, and these oposinized pathogens can enter macrophages by the process of phagocytosis，which promoting the internalization of immune complexes or pathogens. During this process, the physical morphology of porcine erythrocytes was not damaged, but the levels of its main functional protein CR1-like were decreased.

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Pathological, microbiological and immunohistochemical characterization of avian colibacillosis in broiler chickens of Mozambique

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6831 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Paula Augusto Taunde ◽

Matheus V. Bianchi ◽

Velosa M. Mathai ◽

Cintia De Lorenzo ◽

Benigna D.C.B. Gaspar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Bursa Of Fabricius ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

E Coli ◽

Management Measures ◽

Inflammatory Infiltrates ◽

Thoracic And Abdominal

ABSTRACT: Avian colibacillosis is an acute and globally occurring infectious disease of domestic and wild birds caused by Escherichia coli, and it is associated with considerable economic losses mainly due to the morbidity and mortality associated. The present study aimed to describe the pathological, bacteriological and immunohistochemical aspects of avian colibacillosis in broiler chickens of Mozambique. Forty-nine broiler chicken presented anorexia, decreased weight gain, ataxia, diarrhea, dyspnea, and death in a clinical course of 3-5 days. The birds were raised in five farms (small, medium and large farms) with manual and automatic breeding system, with flocks ranging from 100 to 20,000 birds. At the necropsy, all birds had poor body condition, and the pericardium and the Glisson’s capsule of all avian exhibited different degrees of adherence often associated with severe fibrin deposition. The thoracic and abdominal air sacs were thickened and adhered to the costal wall. Mild, moderate or marked hepatomegaly associated with white pinpoint multifocal areas (100%, 49/49) and mild to moderate splenomegaly in 75.5% (37/49) with a mottled surface were observed. The lungs and kidney were enlarged and reddish. Histologically, a multiorgan fibrinoheterophilic polyserositis was observed in 75.5% of the cases (37/49), which were characterized by inflammatory infiltrates composed mainly of degenerative heterophils, macrophages and plasma cells, associated with fibrin deposits and intermixed by coccobacillary bacterial basophilic aggregates. These affected mainly the pericardium (28.6%, 14/49), the pleura (18.4%, 9/49), the Glisson’s capsule (10.2%, 5/49), the ventriculus (10.2, 5/33), and the proventriculus (8.2%, 4/49) serosa. Multifocal to coalescing areas of coagulative necrosis associated with similar inflammatory cells were observed mainly in the spleen (28.6%, 14/49), liver (24.5%, 12/49), and intestines (22.4%, 11/49). A similar infiltrate was also observed affecting the the lungs (16.3%, 8/49), the kidney (16.3%, 8/49) and the myocardium (14.3%, 7/49). Isolation and identification of E. coli was obtained in 12 cases through bacterial culture. Some organs (2 cases of each farms) were selected and submitted to immunohistochemistry anti-E. coli, and a positive stain was observed in all tested cases in liver (3/3), heart (4/4), spleen (1/1), lungs (4/4), intestines (4/4), bursa of Fabricius (1/1), ventriculus (1/1), and proventriculus (1/1) tissue sections. These results demonstrate that E. coli was the cause of mortality in these birds. Therefore, biosecurity and management measures should be employed to prevent and control the disease occurrence in Mozambique’s poultry farming.

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A novel Bursin-like peptide as a potential virus inhibitor and immunity regulator in SPF chickens infected with recombinant ALV

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-019-2192-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yukun Zeng ◽

Zuxin Gong ◽

Binbin Wu ◽

Wenchao Guan ◽

Shenyi Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Virus Titer ◽

The Body ◽

Bursa Of Fabricius ◽

Virus Eradication ◽

First Report ◽

E Coli ◽

Valuable Adjunct

Abstract Background Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) are important contagious suppressive factors of chicken immunity and growth performance, resulted in enormous economic loss. Although virus eradication programs are applied in breeder flocks, ALVs are still widespread globally. Therefore, other valuable adjunct to reduce the negative effect of ALVs should be considered. Bursin-like peptide (BLP) showed remarkable immunomodulatory effects, whereas their influence on ALV-infected avian groups has not been reported. Here, a designed hybrid BLP was expressed in E. coli. The purified BLP was injected subcutaneously weekly in SPF chickens congenitally infected with a natural ALV strain. Then the influences of this BLP on the growth performance, immune response and virus titer of ALV-infected chickens were determined. Results This BLP injection significantly improved the body weights of ALV-infected birds (P < 0.05). BLP injection significantly enhanced organ index in the BF in ALV-infected birds (P < 0.05). The weekly injection of BLP significantly lengthened the maintenance time of antibodies against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) attenuated vaccine of ALV-infected birds (P < 0.05) and boosted the antibody titer against avian influenza virus (AIV) H5 inactive vaccine of mock chicken (P < 0.05). BLP injection in mock chickens enhanced the levels of serum cytokines (IL-2, IL-4 and interferon-γ) (P < 0.05). Surprisingly, the novel BLP significantly inhibited expression of the ALV gp85 gene in the thymus (P < 0.05), kidney (P < 0.05) and bursa of Fabricius (BF) (P < 0.01) of ALV-infected chickens. Both viral RNA copy number and protein level decreased significantly with BLP (50 μg/mL) inoculation before ALV infection in DF1 cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions This is the first report investigating the influence of BLP on the growth and immunity performance of chickens infected by ALV. It also is the first report about the antiviral effect of BLP in vivo and in vitro. This BLP expressed in E. coli showed potential as a vaccine adjuvant, growth regulator and antiretroviral drug in chickens to decrease the negative effects of ALV infection.

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Spontaneous glomerular immunoglobulin deposition in young Sprague-Dawley rats

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367788780746232 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 287-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

N. P. Goode ◽

A. M. Davison ◽

G. Gowland ◽

M. Shires

Keyword(s):

Immune Complexes ◽

Age Group ◽

Newborn Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Weanling Rats ◽

Dense Deposits ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Igm Deposits ◽

Maternal Igg

The frequency, age-onset and distribution of spontaneously deposited immunoglobulins (lgs) in glomeruli of Sprague-Dawley rats has been investigated. Groups of rats ( n=10) were examined at 4-7 day intervals from birth (presuckling) until 30 days of age. Findings were compared with circulating immunoglobulin concentrations in each age group. Immunoglobulins were undetectable in immature kidneys of newborn rats. However, as early as 5 days, scanty IgA and IgM deposits were observed predominantly in mesangial areas of mature glomeruli, corresponding to low circulating concentrations of these immunoglobulins. By contrast, glomerular IgG deposits were not observed until 21 days, despite relatively high concentrations of circulating maternal IgG from birth. Mesangial deposition of immunoglobulins increased with age. Absence of complement C3c or electron dense deposits associated with this mesangial localization suggests that immunoglobulins were not deposited as immune complexes. Accumulation of non-phlogogenic immunoglobulins in the mesangium of normal rats supports the concept that the mesangium is constantly perfused by circulating macro-molecules and filtration residues. The results indicate problems of interpretation of the significance of endogenous immunoglobulin deposition in models of experimental glomerulonephritis, even in studies involving weanling rats.

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An enzymatically active antigen-antibody probe to measure circulating immune complexes. II. E. coli beta-galactosidase in the probe and C1q as the recognition unit

Journal of Immunological Methods ◽

10.1016/0022-1759(83)90037-6 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 245-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Paola Migliorini ◽

Giorgio Trovatello ◽

Sebastiana Cantarella ◽

Fabrizio Manca ◽

Stefano Bombardieri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Complexes ◽

Circulating Immune Complexes ◽

E Coli ◽

Antigen Antibody ◽

Active Antigen ◽

Beta Galactosidase

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Nonspecific reactivity of the rabbits organism when exposed to cysticercosis

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.32718/nvlvet9424 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (94) ◽

pp. 132-135

Author(s):

Y. V. Duda

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Bactericidal Activity ◽

Immune Complexes ◽

Research Group ◽

Phagocytic Activity ◽

Lysozyme Activity ◽

Circulating Immune Complexes ◽

Control Group ◽

E Coli ◽

Test Culture

One of the actual rabbits breeding problem is the reduction of their resistance, which is caused by the spread of individual invasive diseases, especially cysticercosis, which is caused by the larval Cysticercus pisiformis stage of the mature cestode Taenia pisiformis. The study was conducted on 38 male rabbits age 3–4 months, weighing 3.5–4.0 kg of the Californian breed, selected by analogy. Animal were separated into two groups: healthy animals (control group) and sick animals (research group). After blood collection, slaughter was conducted and the presence of cysticercus cysts was visually determined in the organisms of the rabbits. Control animals received a balanced standard granular feed and water without limit; research group in addition to the standard granulated feed with water received flaccid hay. The animals were kept in mesh single-tier cages in the room, according to the current veterinary and sanitary standards. The definition of phagocytic activity of neutrophils was carried out with the addition of standardized to 2500000000/ml suspension of daily culture of E. coli 055K59№3912/41. The bactericidal activity of blood serum was determined by the method Smirnova A.V. and Kuzmina T.A. in relation to the E. coli microbial test-culture 055K59№3912/41. The serum lysozyme activity was determined by the Nephelometric method using the Dorofachuk V.G. method to the microbial test culture Micrococcus luteus ATSS9341. Circulating immune complexes were determined using polyethylene glycol in borate buffer (pH 8.4). It was found that in blood of sick animals phagocytic activity is lower than in blood of healthy ones (respectively, 41.82 ± 1.51% versus 47.38 ± 1.10%, P < 0.01). The main cells involved in phagocytosis are leukocytes, in particular neutrophils and eosinophils. A low indicator of phagocytic activity shows depressed phagocytosis in the organism of animals suffering from cysticercosis of rabbits. The phagocytic number in the blood of rabbits of the experimental group was significantly lower by 0.51 units (P < 0.05) as compared to the control group and correlated with the index of phagocytic activity. An important element of immunity are indicators of bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum. Low bactericidal activity of serum by 12.88% (P < 0.01) and lysozyme activity in rabbits with Cysticercus pisiformis also indicates a weakening of the factors of nonspecific natural resistance of the organism. Analyzing the level of circulating immune complexes, we found a high level of medium (9.14 ± 0.40 vs 5.58 ± 0.50) and small (9.21 ± 1.35 vs 4.64 ± 0.68) CIC for cysticercosis, respectively, 1.64 (P < 0.01) and 1.98 times (P < 0.001) against the control. This indicates the inhibition of the immunobiological activity in the organism of rabbits as a result of the combination of specific antibodies with the products of the exchange of helminths.

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