scholarly journals Associations between age and cortisol awakening response in patients with borderline personality disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Rausch ◽  
Elisa Flach ◽  
Angelika Panizza ◽  
Romuald Brunner ◽  
Sabine C. Herpertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

AbstractPatients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often display increased stress vulnerability, which may be linked to altered hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning. Corresponding deviations of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) are presumed to mirror maladaptive neuroendocrine processes, which may explain why CARs are increased compared to healthy controls (HC). Prior research speculated that these alterations may be caused by early life stress and/or chronic stress related to the ongoing burden of the disorder. Yet, it remains to be investigated how BPD influences CAR in the course of development. Therefore, the current study examined CAR in female adolescents and adults with BPD compared to HC with a particular focus on associations with age. These potential associations were especially focused, as it was hypothesized that the CAR would be even more elevated (i.e., higher) in older individuals with BPD. CAR was assessed in 54 female individuals with BPD (aged 15–40 years) and 54 sex-, age-, and intelligence-matched HC (aged 15–48 years). Group differences were investigated and analyses of covariance using age as continuous predictor were performed to analyze potential developmental associations with CAR alongside BPD-specific effects. Pearson’s correlations were calculated to examine associations between CAR and age. Analyses were repeated with potential confounders as control factors. Results not only demonstrated increased CARs in female individuals with BPD compared to HC but demonstrated elevated CARs with increasing age in BPD individuals exclusively. Effects remained stable after controlling for potential confounders. Thereby, findings suggest that endocrine alterations in BPD may reinforce with increasing age and BPD chronicity.

Parameters of reported childhood sexual abuse and assault in adolescents and adults with borderline personality disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Temes ◽  
Laura R. Magni ◽  
Blaise A. Aguirre ◽  
Marianne Goodman ◽  
Maria Elena Ridolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

scholarly journals Stimulus valence, episodic memory, and the priming of brain activation profiles in borderline personality disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Morgan Szczepaniak ◽  
Asadur Chowdury ◽  
Paul H. Soloff ◽  
Vaibhav A. Diwadkar
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Repeated Presentation ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Specific Effects

Abstract Background Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability in affective regulation that can result in a loss of cognitive control. Triggers may be neuronal responses to emotionally valenced context and/or stimuli. ‘Neuronal priming’ indexes the familiarity of stimuli, and may capture the obligatory effects of affective valence on the brain's processing system, and how such valence mediates responses to the repeated presentation of stimuli. We investigated the effects of affective valence of stimuli on neuronal priming (i.e. changes in activation to repeated presentation of stimuli), and if these effects distinguished BPD patients from controls. Methods Forty BPD subjects and 25 control subjects (age range: 18–44) participated in an episodic memory task during fMRI. Stimuli were presented in alternating epochs of encoding (six images of positive, negative, and neutral valence) and recognition (six images for ‘old’ v. ‘new’ recognition). Analyses focused on inter-group differences in the change in activation to repeated stimuli (presented during Encoding and Recognition). Results Relative to controls, BPD showed greater priming (generally greater decrease from encoding to recognition) for negatively valenced stimuli. Conversely, BPD showed less priming for positively valenced stimuli (generally greater increase from encoding to recognition). Conclusion Plausibly, the relative familiarity of negative valence to patients with BPD exerts an influence on obligatory responses to repeated stimuli leading to repetition priming of neuronal profiles. The specific effects of valence on memory and/or attention, and consequently on priming can inform the understanding of mechanisms of altered salience for affective stimuli in BPD.

An Examination of Stress Generation and Stress Exposure Models in Relation to Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-656
Author(s):  
Amanda A. Uliaszek
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Exposure Models ◽  
The Impact

Research examining life stress as a precipitant, co-occurrence, and consequence of psychopathology often has implications for two explanatory models: stress exposure, where stress causes symptoms, and stress generation, where symptoms cause stress. Preliminary evidence suggests that both processes are evident in borderline personality disorder (BPD). The present study examined 101 adults who self-reported at least three symptoms of BPD at prescreen, with 30% of the sample meeting full diagnostic criteria for BPD. Cross-lagged panel analyses were used to examine the relationships between BPD symptomatology and four forms of life stress. Stress exposure and stress generation were not supported for either form of chronic life stress. Results supported stress generation in both dependent and interpersonal episodic life stress, and stress exposure for interpersonal episodic life stress. These findings evidenced small effects only. Findings point to the impact of interpersonal stress on changes in symptomatology over time.

Psychopharmacologic Management of Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Links ◽  
Meir Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Few Data

This paper reviews recent literature on the psychopharmacologic management of borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients and discusses an approach to drug therapy. Five randomized controlled trials have shown positive, but non-specific effects of antipsychotic drugs on the symptoms suffered by BPD patients. There were too few data on other types of drugs to draw any conclusion. We propose that BPD patients be treated on the basis of being in a state or episode of co-existing Axis I disorder.

An Examination of Stress Generation and Stress Exposure Models in Relation to Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Amanda A. Uliaszek
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Exposure Models ◽  
The Impact

Research examining life stress as a precipitant, co-occurrence, and consequence of psychopathology often has implications for two explanatory models: stress exposure, where stress causes symptoms, and stress generation, where symptoms cause stress. Preliminary evidence suggests that both processes are evident in borderline personality disorder (BPD). The present study examined 101 adults who self-reported at least three symptoms of BPD at prescreen, with 30% of the sample meeting full diagnostic criteria for BPD. Cross-lagged panel analyses were used to examine the relationships between BPD symptomatology and four forms of life stress. Stress exposure and stress generation were not supported for either form of chronic life stress. Results supported stress generation in both dependent and interpersonal episodic life stress, and stress exposure for interpersonal episodic life stress. These findings evidenced small effects only. Findings point to the impact of interpersonal stress on changes in symptomatology over time.

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