High sequence diversity in infectious bursal disease virus serotype 1 in poultry and turkey suggests West-African origin of very virulent strains

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-generated digoxigenin-labeled nonradioactive oligonucleotide probe was developed and utilized in slot-blot hybridization coupled with chemiluminescence for the detection of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The probe was prepared from the RNA of the standard challenge strain (STC) of IBDV serotype 1 by reverse transcription followed by 2 PCR amplifications with 2 separate sets of primers. RNA of STC viruses prepared from bursae infected with STC viruses was subjected to the first PCR with the outer primers V8 and V9 that amplified a 607-base pair (bp) segment. The PCR product from the first PCR was eluted following agarose gel electrophoresis and subjected to the second PCR with the nested primers V6 and V7 that flanked a 351-bp segment. In the second PCR, dTTP was substituted by digoxigenin-11-dUTP in the PCR reaction mixture so that the amplified 351-bp DNA products were labeled with digoxigenin. The specificity of the PCR-generated digoxigenin-labeled probe was tested on different strains of IBDV, several unrelated avian viruses, and bacteria by slot-blot hybridization assay. Hybridization was detected by chemiluminescence. The sensitivity of the probe was assayed using lo-fold serial dilutions of purified RNA from the STC strain of IBDV. The PCR-generated digoxigenin-labeled probe hybridized with genomic RNA of STC and variant strains A, D, E, G, and GLS-5 of IBDV serotype 1 but not OH strain of IBDV serotype 2. The probe did not react with avian reovirus, infectious bronchitis virus, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, or Staphylococcus aureus. The probe was very sensitive, and as little as 72 fg of RNA from the STC strain of IBDV could be detected. The results indicate that this PCR-generated digoxigenin-labeled nonisotopic probe is specific for IBDV and may be utilized in a diagnostic assay for all IBDV serotype 1 strains.

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Characterization of infectious bursal disease virus isolates from Indonesia indicates the existence ofvery virulent strains with unique genetic changes

Avian Pathology ◽

10.1080/0307945031000154116 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 511-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

L.H. Parade ◽

S. Sapats ◽

G. Gould ◽

M. Rudd ◽

S. Lowther ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Virus ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease ◽

Genetic Changes ◽

Virulent Strains ◽

Bursal Disease ◽

Virus Isolates

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Heat inactivation of serotype 1 infectious bursal disease virus

Avian Pathology ◽

10.1080/03079459808419280 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 97-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D. J. Alexander ◽

N. J. Chettle

Keyword(s):

Disease Virus ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease ◽

Heat Inactivation ◽

Bursal Disease ◽

Serotype 1

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Generation of serotype 1/serotype 2 reassortant viruses of the infectious bursal disease virus and their investigation in vitro and in vivo

Virus Research ◽

10.1016/j.virusres.2004.04.009 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 23-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Kati Zierenberg ◽

Rüdiger Raue ◽

Hermann Nieper ◽

Md.Rafiqul Islam ◽

Nicolas Eterradossi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Virus ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease ◽

Bursal Disease ◽

Serotype 1 ◽

Reassortant Viruses

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Restriction fragment profiles of genome segment A of infectious bursal disease virus correlate with serotype and geographical origin of avibirnaviruses

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m96-015 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 93-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

B. Qian ◽

F. S. B. Kibenge

Keyword(s):

Disease Virus ◽

Restriction Fragment ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Genome Segment ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease ◽

Genomic Segment ◽

Bursal Disease ◽

Serotype 1

Previous analyses of the two serotypes of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) have demonstrated the correlation between antigenicity and similarities of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the VP2 coding region in genome segment A. Restriction fragment profiles of genomic segment A cDNA of five IBDV isolates (QC-2 and QT-1 of serotype 1, SK9, and Nos. 39 and 52 of serotype 2) were determined in order to establish the genetic relationship of these viruses to other avibirnaviruses. The restriction fragment profiles using three of seven restriction enzymes (Sad which cuts in the VP2 region, DraIII which cuts in the VP3 region, and EcoRI which cuts in the VP4 region) were used to place QC-2, QT-1, SK9, No. 39, and No. 52 within the phylogenetic tree among seven other avibirnaviruses of known sequence. The two IBDV serotypes corresponded to two genotypes on the basis of the presence or absence of the SacI restriction site. The serotype 1 cluster of strains was further differentiated into five minor clusters on the basis of the PstI, EcoRI, BamHI, HindIII, DraIII, and Bsu36I restriction sites, which emphasized the geographical origins of the strains. It is concluded that restriction analysis of cDNA of the whole viral genomic segment A allows differentiation of IBDV isolates on the basis of their antigenicity and geographical origin.Key words: phylogeny, avibirnavirus, geographical origin.

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Sequence diversity and evolution of infectious bursal disease virus in Iraq

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.28421.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 293

Author(s):

Ali Hadi Abbas ◽

Haider Abas AL saegh ◽

Furkan Sabbar ALaraji

Keyword(s):

Disease Virus ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Sequence Diversity ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Vp2 Gene ◽

Vaccination Programs ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Bursal Disease

Background: Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is a highly infectious disease which causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry due to the direct impact of the illness and indirect consequences such as decreasing the general immunity of the flock, leaving it naive to other diseases. In Iraq, IBD is highly prevalent despite vaccination programs, yet studies on sequence diversity of the causative virus are still rare. Methods: A sample from Bursa of Fabricius from an IBD outbreak in a flock in the city of Najaf in Iraq was smeared on an FTA card. Amplicons of targeted regions in VP1 and VP2 genes were generated and sequenced. Sequences were then compared with other local and global sequences downloaded from GenBank repositories. Sequence alignment and DNA sequence analyses were achieved using MUSCLE, UGENE and MEGAx software. The molecular clock and sequence evolutionary analyses were applied using MEGAx tools. Results: The strain sequenced in this study belongs to a very virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (vvIBDV) as the DNA and phylogenetic analysis of VP1 and VP2 gene sequences showed a mutual clustering with similar sequences belonging to vvIBDV genogroup 3. Analyses of the hyper variable region of VP2 gene (hvVP2) of IBDV isolates from Iraq indicates a presence of sequence diversity. Interestingly, the two vaccine strains Ventri IBDV Plus and ABIC MB71 that showed the highest sequence similarity to the local isolates in the hvVP2 region are not used in vaccination routine against IBDV in Iraq. Conclusion: Sequences of vvIBDV in Iraq are diverse. Remarkably, some of the available vaccine strains show high sequence similarity with local strains in Iraq; however, they are not included in the routine vaccination programs. Analysis of more samples involving more geographical regions is needed to draw a detailed map of antigenic diversity of IBDV in Iraq.

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