The role of lean body mass and physical activity in bone health in children

Insulin is an anabolic hormone with stimulatory effects on glucose and amino acid uptake, possibly protein synthesis, and bone growth, and inhibitory effects on protein breakdown. The precise role of insulin in the growth of healthy children is unclear, but two clinical models can be examined to illustrate insulin’s potential role in the growth of children. The cystic fibrosis (CF) patient, who exhibits poor linear growth and low lean body mass, may exhibit inadequate insulin secretion or impaired insulin action. The obese child typically has an excess of peripheral insulin, an associated acceleration of linear growth, and an accretion of lean body mass and adipose tissue. Speculation is offered on the putative role of exercise in affecting insulin action and secretion, which in turn could impact growth in children with CF or obesity.

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Associations between Spanish children’s physical activity and physical fitness with lean body mass: The CALINA study

Journal of Sports Sciences ◽

10.1080/02640414.2021.1994728 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Diana Paola Córdoba-Rodríguez ◽

Iris Iglesia ◽

Alejandro Gómez-Bruton ◽

María L Miguel-Berges ◽

Paloma Flores-Barrantes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Children’S Physical Activity

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High Levels of Physical Activity May Promote a Reduction in Bone Mineral Density in Peritoneal Dialysis

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56090464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (9) ◽

pp. 464

Author(s):

Armando Raimundo ◽

Zelinda Charrua ◽

Nuno Batalha ◽

Catarina Pereira ◽

Jose Parraca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Body Composition ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Vigorous Activity ◽

Mineral Density

Background and objectives: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are expected to present lower levels of physical activity, unhealthy changes at the body composition level, and low levels of strength. Firstly, this study aimed to report the sex differences in physical activity, body composition and muscle strength and the relations among these variables. Secondly, we analyze the relationship between physical activity and biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four patients (13 women and 21 men) participated in this study. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and maximum isokinetic unilateral strength, analytical parameters and physical activity levels were evaluated. Results: The men showed higher values for weight, height, lean body mass, bone mineral content, bone mineral density (BMD) and total body water, while women showed higher values for the percentage of fat mass and hydration of lean body mass (p < 0.05). No differences between the sexes were found in different levels of physical activity; however, males registered significantly higher values for isokinetic strength variables except for knee extensor strength. BMD was positively related to sedentary activity and negatively related to moderate and vigorous activity (r = 0.383 and r = −0.404, respectively). Light physical activity was negatively correlated with albumin (r = −0.393) and total protein (r = −0.410) levels, while moderate/vigorous activity was positively correlated with urea distribution volume (r = 0.446) and creatinine clearance (r = 0.359) and negatively correlated with the triglyceride level (r = −0.455). Conclusions: PD patients with higher levels of physical activity present better results in terms of body composition and biochemical parameters. Additional studies should be conducted to clarify the relation between physical activity level and BMD.

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