The role of internal fixation for long bone metastasis prior to impending fracture: an experimental model

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of AT1 and AT2 receptors in a periodontal inflammation experimental model. Methods: Periodontal inflammation was induced by LPS/Porphyromonas gingivalis. Maxillae, femur, and vertebra were scanned using Micro-CT. Maxillae were analyzed histopathologically, immunohistochemically, and by RT-PCR. Results: The vertebra showed decreased BMD in AT1 H compared with WT H (p < 0.05). The femur showed increased Tb.Sp for AT1 H and AT2 H, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively. The Tb.N was decreased in the vertebra (WT H-AT1 H: p < 0.05; WT H-AT2 H: p < 0.05) and in the femur (WT H-AT1 H: p < 0.01; WT H-AT2 H: p < 0.05). AT1 PD increased linear bone loss (p < 0.05) and decreased osteoblast cells (p < 0.05). RANKL immunostaining was intense for AT1 PD and WT PD (p < 0.001). OPG was intense in the WT H, WT PD, and AT2 PD when compared to AT1 PD (p < 0.001). AT1 PD showed weak immunostaining for osteocalcin compared with WT H, WT PD, and AT2 PD (p < 0.001). AT1 H showed significantly stronger immunostaining for osteonectin in fibroblasts compared to AT2 H (p < 0.01). Conclusion: AT1 receptor knockout changed bone density, the quality and number of bone trabeculae, decreased the number of osteoblast cells, and increased osteonectin in fibroblasts.

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The role of electromagnetic stimulation in the management of established non-union of long bone fractures: What is the evidence?

Injury ◽

10.1016/j.injury.2007.12.014 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 419-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

X.L. Griffin ◽

F. Warner ◽

M. Costa

Keyword(s):

Bone Fractures ◽

Long Bone ◽

Non Union ◽

Electromagnetic Stimulation ◽

Long Bone Fractures

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Posterior Instability of the Talus: An Anatomic Evaluation

Foot & Ankle ◽

10.1177/107110078901000107 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 36-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Marion C. Harper

Keyword(s):

Internal Fixation ◽

Cadaver Study ◽

Lateral Radiograph ◽

Medial Malleolus ◽

Posterior Instability ◽

Posterior Tibial ◽

Malleolar Fractures ◽

Posterior Malleolus ◽

Supporting Structures

A cadaver study was conducted to evaluate the role of the posterior tibial margin or posterior malleolus, as well as medial and lateral supporting structures, in providing posterior stability for the talus. Posterior malleolar fractures consisting of approximately 30%, 40%, and 50% of the articular margin on the lateral radiograph were created in specimens that were then subjected to posterior stressing. No posterior talar subluxation was noted in any specimen. Repeat stressing following removal of the medial malleolus again revealed no subluxation in any specimen. The lateral supporting structures, primarily the posterior fibulotalar and fibulocalcaneal ligaments, appeared to be the key structures providing posterior talar stability. If the fibula is stable in an anatomic position, feared posterior instability of the talus would not appear to be an indication for internal fixation of posterior malleolar fractures.

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