Impaired Recovery of CD4+ Cell Counts Following Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Drug-Na�ve Patients Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mac�as ◽  
J. A. Pineda ◽  
F. Lozano ◽  
J. E. Corzo ◽  
A. Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Immunologic dynamics in hemophiliac patients infected with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus: influence of antiretroviral therapy

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 96 (13) ◽  
pp. 4293-4299
Author(s):  
Shouichi Yokozaki ◽  
Junki Takamatsu ◽  
Isao Nakano ◽  
Yoshiaki Katano ◽  
Hidenori Toyoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Immunologic Parameters

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or both is common in hemophiliac patients due to putative transmission through clotting factor concentrates. Recently, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been found to markedly improve viremia and immunologic parameters in patients infected with HIV. This report considers interactions between these viral infections, the immune system, and antiretroviral therapy. A total of 130 male hemophiliac patients were grouped according to type of viremia (HCV, HIV, both, or neither). Along with 30 healthy men age-matched to viremic patients, these groups were compared with respect to viral load and immunologic parameters. Thirty-five patients treated as above for HIV were serially followed up. HCV infection was associated with reduced peripheral B-cell and CD4+-cell counts and with increased serum IgG and IgM levels, whereas HIV infection was associated with reduced peripheral CD4+-cell counts and increased serum IgG and IgA levels. In patients with both viruses, HCV and HIV RNA load correlated inversely with peripheral B-cell and CD4+-cell counts, respectively. HAART reduced levels of both viruses in the blood. Of the 25 patients with both viruses, HAART eliminated HCV in 2. In conclusion, immunologic dynamics differed between hemophiliac patients infected with HCV, HIV, or both. The relative dynamics of HCV viral load, peripheral B-cell count, and serum IgM level were similar to those of HIV viral load, CD4+-cell count, and serum IgA.

scholarly journals Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Immunologic Status on Hepatitis C Virus Quasispecies Diversity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1940-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Babik ◽  
Mark Holodniy
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Quasispecies Diversity ◽  
Immunologic Status

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and thus immunologic status, on hepatitis C virus (HCV) load and quasispecies diversity in patients coinfected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HCV. Three cohorts of coinfected patients were analyzed retrospectively over a period of 7 to 10 months: group A was antiretroviral drug naïve at baseline and then on HAART for the remainder of the study, group B did not receive antiretroviral therapy at any point, and group C was on HAART for the entire study. HCV quasispecies diversity was analyzed by sequencing hypervariable region 1. In a longitudinal analysis, there was no significant change from baseline in any immunologic, virologic, or quasispecies parameter in any of the three groups. However, in comparison to groups A and B, group C had significantly higher CD4+- and CD8+-cell counts, a trend toward a higher HCV load, and significantly increased number of HCV clones, entropy, genetic distance, and ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site to synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ka /Ks ). In addition, CD4+-cell count was positively correlated with HCV load, genetic distance, and Ka . Interestingly, patients infected with HCV genotype 2 or 3 had a significantly higher CD4+-cell count, HCV load, genetic distance, and Ka /Ks than those infected with genotype 1. These results suggest that there is no immediate effect of HAART on HCV but that, with prolonged HAART, immune restoration results in an increase in HCV load and quasispecies diversity.

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