Vegetation structure and inter-individual distance affect intake rate and foraging efficiency in a granivorous forager, the Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis

Thibaut Powolny; Cyril Eraud; Jean-Daniel Masson; Vincent Bretagnolle

doi:10.1007/s10336-015-1161-1

Vegetation structure and inter-individual distance affect intake rate and foraging efficiency in a granivorous forager, the Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis

Journal of Ornithology ◽

10.1007/s10336-015-1161-1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 156 (3) ◽

pp. 569-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Thibaut Powolny ◽

Cyril Eraud ◽

Jean-Daniel Masson ◽

Vincent Bretagnolle

Keyword(s):

Vegetation Structure ◽

Foraging Efficiency ◽

Intake Rate ◽

Alauda Arvensis ◽

Individual Distance

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Group size modulates time budget and foraging efficiency in captive Skylarks, Alauda arvensis

Journal of Ornithology ◽

10.1007/s10336-011-0764-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 153 (2) ◽

pp. 485-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Thibaut Powolny ◽

Cyril Eraud ◽

Vincent Bretagnolle

Keyword(s):

Group Size ◽

Time Budget ◽

Foraging Efficiency ◽

Alauda Arvensis

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Individual variation in intake rate: the relative importance of foraging efficiency and dominance

Journal of Animal Ecology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00410.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 484-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

R. A. Stillman ◽

R. W. G. Caldow ◽

J. D. Goss-Custard ◽

M. J. Alexander

Keyword(s):

Individual Variation ◽

Foraging Efficiency ◽

Intake Rate ◽

Relative Importance

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The Behavioral Ecology of Maternal Effort in Fur Seals and Sea Lions

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/156853990x00022 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 114 (1-4) ◽

pp. 3-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Fritz Trillmich

Keyword(s):

Energy Transfer ◽

Food Availability ◽

Growth Rates ◽

High Energy ◽

Food Abundance ◽

Foraging Efficiency ◽

Intake Rate ◽

Sea Lions ◽

Fur Seals ◽

Pup Growth

AbstractOtariid seals form a group of similar species distributed from subpolar to tropical seas. Many species were recently studied under conditions of low and high food abundance during major oceanographic disturbances. Evidence for the phenotypic flexibility of and constraints on the rearing strategy of these species derives from inter- and intra-specific comparisons and experimental measurements. I review how changes in food abundance influence foraging behavior and energetics of mothers, pup growth rates, milk composition, weaning age, and the fertility cost of pup rearing. Eared seal females rear young by alternating between lactation ashore and foraging at sea. Subpolar fur seals always wean pups at four month of age, a trait which seems to be genetically fixed and adaptive in their highly seasonal environment. Temperate and tropical fur seals and sea lions can respond to changes in food abundnace by increasing or decreasing time to weaning. During pup rearing, mothers regulate body mass to different absolute values when abundance of food resources changes. This seems to be a constraint caused by reduced foraging efficiency at low food availability. Most species feed exclusively during the night, but sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) also forage during the day by diving deeper. Females of some species increase the rate of at-sea energy expenditure at low food abundance while keeping the duration of foraging trips constant. Females of other species stay at sea longer working at the same rate. The latter species may be food specialist with a narrower time window for efficient foraging. Pups grow slower when mothers increase time at sea, and at very low food abundance pups may starve. Pups have little influence on the duration of maternal foraging trips, but may diminish the mothers' time ashore by increasing the rate of milk extraction and prolonged non-nutritive sucking. The impact of long maternal at-sea times is reduced by increasing milk fat content as time at sea increases. This mechanism does not fully compensate pup energy intake rate for longer trip durations. Non-migratory species can partly compensate for reduced pup growth rates by lengthening the lactation period. In the Galapagos fur seal (A. galapagoensis), this entails a considerable cost to the mother by reducing her future fertility. Lactation reduces the probability of a successful simultaneous pregnancy and, if pregnancy succeeds, sibling competition for maternal milk ensues. Competition is usually won by the older sibling leading in many cases to the death of the newborn. The rate of energy transfer to pups is high in food-rich years and low in scarce ones. Because pups are more likely to be weaned as yearlings when juvenile growth rate is high than when it is low, high energy transfer to the pup in year "a" reduces the cost of reproduction incurred in year "a+1". The flexibility of the rearing strategy of temperate and tropical species permits mothers to adjust phenotypically to variance in food availability thus partly masking the theoretically expected trade-offs in the life history of these species.

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Breeding season responses of Skylarks Alauda arvensis to vegetation structure in set-aside (fallow arable land)

Ibis ◽

10.1111/j.1474-919x.2001.tb04492.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 143 (2) ◽

pp. 317-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

IAN G. HENDERSON ◽

NIGEL R. CRITCHLEY ◽

JON COOPER ◽

JOHN A. FOWBERT

Keyword(s):

Breeding Season ◽

Vegetation Structure ◽

Arable Land ◽

Alauda Arvensis

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Analisis Keragaman Tanaman Sebagai Jasa Lingkungan Pada Lanskap Agroforestri di Daerah Aliran Sungai Krueng Aceh

Jurnal Serambi Engineering ◽

10.32672/jse.v4i2.1468 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Zulkifli Aiyub Kadir ◽

Bahagia Bahagia

Keyword(s):

Water Conservation ◽

Vegetation Structure ◽

Swot Analysis ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Middle Stream ◽

Land Management System ◽

Study Sites ◽

Aleurites Moluccana ◽

Lansium Domesticum ◽

Agroforestry Practices

Humans have utilized landscape for produces a diverse character of the wider area of the watershed. Agroforestry is a land management system in addressing the problems that arise due to changes in land use of soil and water conservation. The aim of the study was to analyze plant diversity in agroforestry practices that have services in the Krueng watershed landscape in Aceh watershed. Develop strategies in the Krueng Aceh DAS agroforestry service. This research was conducted in the upper, middle and downstream of the Krueng Aceh watershed, with a rapid method of Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal and SWOT. The results showed that the composition of the vegetation structure found in the study sites tended to vary with the diversity index of agroforestry that was currently in the upstream and middle of the Krueng Aceh watershed. Based on SWOT analysis, internal scores are 2.45 and external scores are 3.21. Agroforestry practices in the upper stream of Krueng Aceh watershed were dominated by Aleurites moluccana, Areca cathecu, and Averrhoa bilimbi L species with the highest INP in the upper stream of Krueng Aceh watershed. Vegetation at the middle stream of Krueng Aceh watershed dominated by Areca cathecu, Lansium domesticum and Musa paradisiaca.

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