scholarly journals Does parental heart rate affect embryonic heart rate during incubation? An experiment in Common Terns Sterna hirundo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Kürten ◽  
Kristin Piening ◽  
Oscar Vedder
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Embryonic Heart ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Sterna Hirundo ◽  
Common Terns ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
External Conditions

AbstractEmbryonic heart rate is a strong determinant of metabolic rate and the rate of embryonic development in oviparous species. In humans, embryonic heart rate is positively correlated with the heart rate of the mother. However, human embryos do not develop autonomously from the maternal circulatory system, making it impossible to separate maternal control from an independent embryonic adjustment of its heart rate to that of its mother. In birds, embryonic development does occur autonomously from the mother, while the embryo can auditively perceive the heart rate of the incubating parent. In this study, we used Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) to experimentally test whether the embryonic heart rate is affected by parental heart rate during incubation. We artificially incubated freshly laid eggs under standardized conditions and continuously exposed them to the sound of either a slow or fast parental heart rate throughout the first 18 days of embryonic development. At day 18 of embryonic development (a few days before hatching) there was no significant difference in the embryonic heart rate between both treatments. There was also no effect of treatment on either total duration of embryonic development or hatching success. We suggest that embryonic heart rate and development rate may not be affected by the heart rate of the parent because natural parental heart rates are very sensitive to external conditions that may fluctuate drastically, while embryos may need a relatively stable heart rate for optimal development.

scholarly journals Evaluation of yolk sac size and embryonic heart rate in first trimester and pregnancy outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2975
Author(s):  
Waleed M. Tawfik
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Embryonic Heart ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
First Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Accurate differentiation between normal pregnancy and pregnancy loss in early gestation remains a clinical challenge-previous studies have described the association between embryonic well-beings and the characteristics of gestational sac. The aim of the study was to evaluate the yolk sac size and embryonic heart rate as a prognostic factor for the first trimester pregnancy outcome.Methods: This was a prospective cohort observesional study. It included 52 pregnant women in their first trimester from 6 week till 12 weeks gestation. Transvaginal sonographic examination after explanation and agreement of each patient. All pregnancies were followed for their pregnancy outcome after completion of 12 weeks. The adverse outcome was spontaneous miscarriage occurring before or at 12 weeks of gestation. These patients allocated into four study groups: according to gestational age at presentation and pregnancy outcome. Group I included women who were examined during (6-7 weeks+6 days). Group II included women who were examined during (8-9 weeks+6 days). Group III included women who were examined during (10-12 weeks). Group IV included women who had their pregnancies resulted into first trimester spontaneous miscarriage.Results: The validity of YS diameter regarding the prognosis of first trimester pregnancy outcome shows that; YSD had 100% specificity and 97.8% sensitivity in prediction of miscarriage. Regarding embryonic heartbeat, there was a statistically significant difference between group IV and the other groups. There was embryonic bradycardia in the miscarriage group. EHR had a sensitivity of 97.5% and specificity of 100% in prediction of first trimester pregnancy outcome.Conclusions: Abnormal yolk sac diameter, in the form of small, enlarged, absent or irregular yolk sac, and embryonic bradycardia are associated with poor pregnancy outcome.

Evaluation of three intravenous injectable anaesthesia protocols in healthy adult male alpacas

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (12) ◽  
pp. 322-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra D Taylor ◽  
Aubrey N Baird ◽  
Ann B Weil ◽  
Audrey Ruple
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Adult Male ◽  
End Tidal

Few studies have investigated the effects of intravenous injectable anaesthesia in alpacas. The objective of this study was to evaluate three intravenous injectable anaesthesia protocols in healthy adult alpacas exposed to noxious stimulation. A prospective randomised crossover study was done using six healthy adult male alpacas. Cardiopulmonary variables including heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, end-tidal pCO2and haemoglobin oxygen saturation were collected immediately after and every two minutes following induction of each of three anaesthesia protocols in six male castrated alpacas. A hoof tester was used to apply consistent pressure every two minutes after induction and the response was recorded. Time from induction to muscle contraction and leg withdrawal were recorded, as well as time from induction to extubation, sternal recumbency and standing. There was no significant difference in duration of anaesthesia or cardiopulmonary variables among the three anaesthesia protocols. Total duration of anaesthesia was approximately 20 minutes for each protocol. Hypoxaemia and mild hypercarbia were common among all protocols. Induction and recovery scores were excellent.

Transcutaneous Oxygen Monitoring in Aminophylline-Treated Apneic Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-701
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Peabody ◽  
Allen L. Neese ◽  
Alistair G. S. Philip ◽  
Jerold F. Lucey ◽  
Lester F. Soyka
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polygraphic Recordings ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Patterns ◽  
Oxygen Monitoring

Transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) monitoring offers a new approach to the evaluation of drug effects. We investigated the effect of theophylline on ten premature infants with apnea. Theophylline was administered as aminophylline, 8 mg/kg per rectum every 12 hours for two doses and 4 mg/kg every 12 hours for a total of two or five days (short and long courses). The tcPO2, heart rate (beat-to-beat), and thoracic impedance were continuously monitored during each of three 4-hour study periods: 12 hours before theophylline administration, 12 hours after initiation of theophylline therapy, and 24 to 48 hours after discontinuing the drug's use. Plasma levels were measured by a radioimmunoassay developed in our laboratory. Polygraphic recordings were analyzed without knowledge of treatment for frequency of apneic spells, mean duration of apneas, total duration of hypoxemia (tcPO2 ≤40 torr), total duration of hyperoxemia (tcPO2 ≥100 torr), basal tcPO2, heart rate, and respiratory rate. In each case during theophylline use, cardiorespiratory patterns were altered, respirations were more regular, apneic spells were reduced, PO2 was stabilized with less hypoxia and hyperoxia, and bradycardic episodes were decreased. There was considerable variation in the response of the ten infants and a significant difference in the frequency of return of symptoms between those receiving short-term therapy and those receiving the longer course.

Embryonic heart rate in dated human embryos

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Wisser ◽  
Peter Dirschedl
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Embryonic Heart ◽  
Human Embryos

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Pre-emptive Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Relief in Children – Role of Paracetamol

2009 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Rubina Yasmin ◽  
AKM Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
Paresh Chandra Sarker ◽  
Neaz Ahmed ◽  
Ranadhir Kumar Kundu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

This prospective clinical study was carried out in the Dept. of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka, during the period of May 2003 to July 2003. The study was done to emphasize the importance of giving analgesics preemptively instead of waiting for the child to complain of pain and to produce smooth recovery after surgery by decreasing immediate postoperative pain in children by a simple, safe acceptable drug. The children scheduled for tonsillectomy under general anaesthesia were recruited in this study. The analgesic efficiency of rectal paracetamol in two doses, 25 mg/kg bodywt.(Gr-P25) and 50 mg/kg. bodywt. (Gr-P50) were compared with Diclofenac Sodium suppository 1mg/ kg body weight (Gr-D) given half an hour before induction of anaesthesia. Pain scoring was done by TPPPS (Toddler Pre-schooler postoperative pain scale). Heart rate and blood pressure were stable in Gr-P50 and Gr-D. Time of first demand of analgesic was delayed in Gr-P50 and Gr-D. Total paracetamol consumption in 24 hours was less in Gr-P50(181±14.25) and Gr-D (212±25) than Gr-P25(318± 26.39). Total duration of analgesia in Gr- P50 (657±9.94) mins. and in Gr- D(502±10.63) mins. and in Gr-P25(288±23.17) mins. Pre-emptive high dose rectal paracetamol appears to be more effective than diclofenac sodium suppository for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Journal of BSA, Vol. 18, No. 1 & 2, 2005 p.9-16

Virtual ultrasound embryo autopsy – myth or reality? Part 1

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Blinov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Embryonic Period ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Central Nervous System Defects

A review of literature data on the study of human embryos using new methods of medical imaging is given. The possibility of prenatal diagnosis of severe central nervous system defects has been demonstrated already in the embryonic period at 8–10 weeks of gestation or at the age of 16 to 23 stages of the embryonic development period

scholarly journals Can Residential Greenspace Exposure Improve Pain Experience? A Comparison between Physical Visit and Image Viewing

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Hansen Li ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Shilin Bi ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
Guodong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
The State ◽  
Subjective Stress ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Scenic Beauty ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pain Stimuli

Reducing the burden of pain via greenspace exposure is a rising research topic. However, insufficient evidence has been found in relation to the environmental effect itself. Residential greenspace, as a convenient but limited natural environment for urban dwellers, has benefits and services yet to be discovered. Therefore, the current study recruited 24 young adults to evaluate the effects of physical visit to, or image viewing of, residential greenspace on pain perception and related psychophysiological outcomes, via simulated pain. Pain threshold and tolerance were recorded via the level of pain stimuli, and pain intensity was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The state scale of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) and two adjective pairs were employed to measure the state anxiety and subjective stress, respectively. Meanwhile, heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure (BP) were measured to investigate physiological responses. Besides, Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) was also employed to assess participants’ preference regarding the experimental environments. The results revealed that visiting the greenspace significantly increased the pain threshold and tolerance, while no significant effect was observed for image viewing. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in pain-related psychophysiological indices between the experimental settings, but significantly negative associations were found between the scores of SBE and subjective stress and state anxiety. In conclusion, the current study brings experimental evidence of improving pain experience via residential greenspace exposure, while the related psychophysiological benefits require further investigation.

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