Estimating the hazard rate difference from case-cohort studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie K. Hu ◽  
Kwun C. G. Chan ◽  
David J. Couper ◽  
Norman E. Breslow
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Hazard Rate ◽  
Rate Difference

Association of Vitamin D Status With Liver and Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials, and Cross-Sectional and Cohort Studies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh ◽  
Majid Rezayi ◽  
Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani ◽  
Amir Avan ◽  
Hamideh Ghazizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract. Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a major public health problem. There are few comprehensive systematic reviews about the relationship between Vitamin D status and liver and renal disease in Iran. Methods: We systemically searched the following databases: Web of Science; PubMed; Cochrane Library; Scopus; Science Direct; Google Scholar and two Iranian databases (Scientific Information Database (SID) and IranMedex) up until November 2017 to identify all randomized control trials (RCTs), case control, cross-sectional and cohort studies investigating the association between vitamin D and any form of liver or kidney disease. Results: Vitamin D insufficiency, or deficiency (VDD), is highly prevalent in Iran, reports varying between 44.4% in Isfahan to 98% in Gorgan. There is also a high prevalence of VDD among patients with liver or kidney disease, and the administration of vitamin D supplements may have beneficial effects on lipid profile, blood glucose, liver function and fatty liver disease, and bone health. Low serum vitamin D levels are related with abnormalities in these laboratory and clinical parameters. Conclusion: VDD is prevalent in patients with chronic liver or renal disease in Iran. There appear to be several beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient patients with liver or kidney disease.

Understanding Why Older People Develop a Wish to Die

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Rurup ◽  
H. R. W. Pasman ◽  
J. Goedhart ◽  
D. J. H. Deeg ◽  
A. J. F. M. Kerkhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Wish To Die ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Death Wishes ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Quantitative studies in several European countries showed that 10–20% of older people have or have had a wish to die. Aims: To improve our understanding of why some older people develop a wish to die. Methods: In-depth interviews with people with a wish to die (n = 31) were carried out. Through open coding and inductive analysis, we developed a conceptual framework to describe the development of death wishes. Respondents were selected from two cohort studies. Results: The wish to die had either been triggered suddenly after traumatic life events or had developed gradually after a life full of adversity, as a consequence of aging or illness, or after recurring depression. The respondents were in a situation they considered unacceptable, yet they felt they had no control to change their situation and thus progressively “gave up” trying. Recurring themes included being widowed, feeling lonely, being a victim, being dependent, and wanting to be useful. Developing thoughts about death as a positive thing or a release from problems seemed to them like a way to reclaim control. Conclusions: People who wish to die originally develop thoughts about death as a positive solution to life events or to an adverse situation, and eventually reach a balance of the wish to live and to die.

COHORT STUDIES IN MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Human Ecology ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
K. K. Kholmatova ◽  
О. A. Kharkova ◽  
A. M. Grjibovski
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Studies

Cancer in agricultural populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 837-837
Author(s):  
K. . Togawa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
International Consortium ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types

Agricultural workers can be exposed to a wide variety of agents (e.g. pesticides), some of which may have adverse health effects, such as cancer. To study the health effects of agricultural exposures, an international consortium of agricultural cohort studies, AGRICOH, was established. The present analysis compared cancer incidence between the AGRICOH cohorts and the general population and found lower overall cancer incidence in the AGRICOH cohorts, with some variation across cohorts for specific cancer types. The observed lower cancer incidence may be due to healthy worker bias or lower prevalence of risk factors in the agricultural populations. Further analysis is underway.

Algoritma Fisher-Yates Shuffle dan Flood Fill sebagai Maze Generator pada Game Labirin

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
D.J. Owen Hoetama ◽  
Farica Perdana Putri ◽  
P.M. Winarno
Keyword(s):  
Hamming Distance ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Rate Difference ◽  
Level Problem ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Flood Fill ◽  
Static Level ◽  
Wall Position

Maze game is an interesting game and used to spend time. However, in the maze game, the level used forthis game still uses static levels. Static levels make the maze shape stay the same if we play the same level. Thus, players will quickly feel bored because it finds the same complexity. Maze generator is a static level problem solution on the maze game. This research uses Fisher-Yates Shuffle algorithm and Flood Fill algorithm to make maze generator. Fisher-Yates Shuffle algorithm is used for wall position randomization and Flood Fill algorithm to keep the maze results to remain resolved. The results of the application implementation yielded 30 mazes and were tested using the Hamming Distance algorithm, yielding that the result of the maze formed is always different. The average percentage rate difference produced 48% each time the maze was formed. The results of the maze that was formed performed perfect maze checking with the result of 83.33% percentage. Index Terms— Fisher-Yates Shuffle, Flood Fill, MazeGenerator, Hamming Distance

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