The Role of Children’s Dietary Pattern and Physical Activity in the Association Between Breastfeeding and BMI at Age 5: The GECKO Drenthe Cohort

Abstract Objectives Breastfeeding is protective against childhood obesity, but the role of childhood lifestyle in this association is unclear. We investigated whether physical activity and dietary pattern at age 5 differed between breastfed and non-breastfed children, and how they relate to Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-scores. Methods 1477 children of the Dutch GECKO Drenthe birth cohort were included. At one month, children were categorized as breastfed (receiving breast milk exclusively or in combination with formula milk) or non-breastfed (receiving formula milk exclusively). At age 5, height and weight were objectively measured, physical activity was measured by ActiGraph GT3x and dietary patterns were assessed with a parent-reported food pattern questionnaire, assessing the consumption frequency of selected food items at seven occasions over the day. Results Non-breastfed children had higher BMI Z-scores (0.36 ± 0.90 vs. 0.20 ± 0.80 SD, p = 0.002), more frequently consumed sugar-sweetened beverages (25.0 ± 10.5 vs. 22.5 ± 9.71 times per week, p < 0.001), and consumed relatively less whole-wheat or brown bread (p = 0.007). Differences in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption were most pronounced during main meals. Total fruit consumption, sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels did not differ between the groups. Multivariable adjusted linear regression analyses showed that the differences in BMI-z score between non-breastfed and breastfed children were not explained by the differences in sugar-sweetened beverages or type of bread consumed. Conclusions Infant breastfeeding itself is indicative of healthy dietary behaviors in early life, and is also more likely to be followed by a favorable dietary pattern at toddler age. However, the differences in dietary habits between breastfed and non-breastfed children did not explain the difference in BMI Z-score at the age of 5.

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Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy drinks and adherence to physical activity and screen time recommendations among adolescents

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2015-0098 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga ◽

Jean-Philippe Chaput

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Screen Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Energy Drinks ◽

Female Adolescents ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Future Studies ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Unhealthy Eating ◽

Relevant Covariates

Abstract Background: It is recommended that youth aged 12–17 years achieve ≥60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) and limit their recreational screen time (ST) to ≤2 h/day. However, whether unhealthy eating behavior is associated with adherence to PA and ST recommendations in youth is largely unknown. Objective: This study examined the associations between adherence to PA and ST recommendations with consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and energy drinks (EDs) in a representative sample of adolescents. Methods: Data on 11–19-year-old Ottawa (Canada) students (n=1147) were analyzed using self-reported information on consumption of SSBs and EDs, and time devoted to PA and ST. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between adherence to PA and ST recommendations and consumption of SSBs and EDs. Results: Adherence to the ST recommendation was inversely associated with consumption of SSBs [odds ratio (OR)=0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.21–0.86] and EDs (OR=0.54, 95% CI=0.31–0.92) in females only, independent of PA and relevant covariates. However, adherence to the PA recommendation was positively associated with consumption of EDs in females (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.07–2.17) but not males, while it was not associated with consumption of SSBs in both sexes. Conclusion: Among female adolescents, adherence to the ST recommendation is inversely associated with consumption of SSBs and EDs, while adherence to the PA recommendation is positively associated with consumption of EDs. Future studies should clarify the observed sex differences and determine if decreasing ST can reduce the consumption of SSBs and EDs among adolescents.

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Correlates of Adiposity Among Latino Preschool Children

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2012-0018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 195-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jason A. Mendoza ◽

Jessica McLeod ◽

Tzu-An Chen ◽

Theresa A. Nicklas ◽

Tom Baranowski

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Parent Education ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Neighborhood Disorder ◽

Z Score ◽

Neighborhood Safety ◽

Tv Viewing ◽

Related Risk ◽

Z Scores ◽

Obesity Interventions

Background:Childhood obesity is at record high levels in the US and disproportionately affects Latino children; however, studies examining Latino preschool children’s obesity-related risk factors are sparse. This study determined correlates of Latino preschoolers’ (ages 3–5 years) adiposity to inform future obesity interventions and policies.Methods:Latino preschoolers (n = 96) from 4 Head Start centers in Houston, Texas were recruited. Parents reported acculturation and neighborhood safety. Children’s and parents’ height and weight were measured. Children’s television (TV) viewing was measured by TV diaries and physical activity by accelerometers. Linear regression was used with body mass index (BMI) z-score as the dependent variable and covariates sequentially added and retained in 4 blocks: 1) child age, gender, parent education, and BMI; 2) neighborhood safety and parent and child acculturation; 3) TV viewing; and 4) moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).Results:In the final model (n = 96), only neighborhood disorder (β = 0.30, P = .005) and MVPA (β = –0.21, P = .049) were significantly associated with BMI z-score.Conclusions:Among Latino preschoolers, higher neighborhood disorder and lower MVPA were associated with greater children’s BMI z-scores.

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Association between Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Breakfast Quality with Physical Fitness in School Children: The HIIT Project

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041353 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1353

Author(s):

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez ◽

María Medrano ◽

Lide Arenaza ◽

Maria Amasene ◽

Maddi Osés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

School Children ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern

Dietary habits have been linked with health in childhood. However, few studies have examined the association between healthy dietary patterns and physical fitness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the associations of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) and breakfast quality with physical fitness in children. Further to this, we examined the role of physical activity in these associations. A total of 175 children (86 girls, 9.7 ± 0.3 years) participated. Adherence to MDP and breakfast quality were assessed by the KIDMED questionnaire and 24 h recall, respectively. Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and speed–agility were assessed. Physical activity was evaluated by wrist-worn accelerometers. Greater adherence to the MDP was related with higher cardiorespiratory fitness, lower-limbs muscular strength, and speed–agility (all β ≥ 0.189, all p ≤ 0.02). No significant associations were observed between breakfast quality and physical fitness (all p > 0.05). However, all the significant associations disappeared after adjusting for physical activity (all p > 0.05). Our study sheds light on the relevance of adhering to the MDP over physical fitness in school children. However, there is no association between breakfast quality and physical fitness. Furthermore, physical activity seems to explain, at least partially, these findings.

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Students’ perceptions of school sugar-free, food and exercise environments enhance healthy eating and physical activity

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021004961 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Chieh-hsing Liu ◽

Fong-ching Chang ◽

Yu-zhen Niu ◽

Li-ling Liao ◽

Yen-jung Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

School Level ◽

Plain Water ◽

School Students ◽

School Policies ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Perceptions Of School

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between students’ perceptions of their school policies and environments (i.e., sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) free policy, plain water drinking, vegetables and fruit eating campaign, outdoor physical activity initiative, and the SH150 program (exercise 150 min/week at school)) and their dietary behaviors and physical activity. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Primary, middle, and high schools in Taiwan. Participants: A nationally representative sample of 2,433 primary school (5th-6th grade) students, 3,212 middle school students, and 2,829 high school students completed the online survey in 2018. Results: Multivariate analysis results showed that after controlling for school level, gender, and age, the students’ perceptions of school sugar-free policies were negatively associated with the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and positively associated with consumption of plain water. Schools’ campaigns promoting the eating of vegetables and fruit were positively associated with students’ consumption of vegetables. In addition, schools’ initiatives promoting outdoor physical activity and the SH150 program were positively associated with students’ engagement in outdoor physical activities and daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Conclusions: Students’ perceptions of healthy school policies and environments promote healthy eating and an increase in physical activity for students.

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Self-Determined Motivation Mediates the Association between Self-Reported Availability of Green Spaces for Exercising and Physical Activity: An Explorative Study

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1312

Author(s):

Migle Baceviciene ◽

Rasa Jankauskiene

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

The Self ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Behavior Regulation ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Study Support ◽

Practical Implications

The aim of the study was to test the associations between the self-reported access to exercise in green spaces (GS) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) testing the mediating role of the motivation. Based on self-determination theory (SDT), we expected that self-determined motivation will mediate the associations between the self-reported availability of GS for exercising (GSE) and MVPA with the most self-determined exercise regulation forms (identified and intrinsic motivation) demonstrating the strongest positive associations between the variables. Method: The sample consisted of 2154 participants (74.7% women). The ages ranged from 18 to 79 years, with a mean age of 32.6 (SD = 12.2) years. Participants completed the Behavior Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2, the measures of self-reported distance to residential GS (RGS), availability of the GS for exercising (GSE), and physical activity (PA). Logistic regression and path analysis were used to test the associations between study variables. Results: Higher reported distance to RGS was associated with lower reported availability of GSE, but not PA. Availability of GSE was directly associated with more frequent MVPA. More autonomous forms of exercise behavior regulation (intrinsic and identified regulations) mediated the associations between self-reported availability of GSE and MVPA. Internal and identified exercise regulations were directly associated with more frequent MVPA. Conclusions: The results of the present study support the main tenets of SDT suggesting that self-determined behavioral exercise regulation is an important mediator between the self-reported availability of GSE and general MVPA. Practical implications of these findings are discussed herein.

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Maternal Prepregnancy Overweight and Offspring Fatness and Blood Pressure: Role of Physical Activity

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.22.3.369 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 369-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Joey C. Eisenman ◽

Mark A. Sarzynski ◽

Jerod Tucker ◽

Kate A. Heelan

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Self Report ◽

Body Fatness ◽

X Ray ◽

Prepregnancy Bmi ◽

Maternal Overweight ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to examine if offspring physical activity may affect the relationship between maternal overweight and offspring fatness and blood pressure (BP). Subjects included 144 maternal-child pairs (n = 74 boys and 70 girls, mean age = 7.3 yrs). Maternal prepregnancy BMI was determined by self-report. Offspring characteristics included resting systolic and diastolic BP, body fatness by dual energy x-ray absorbtiometry, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using the Actigraph accelerometer. Children whose mothers were overweight or obese prepregnancy (Prepreg OW) were significantly larger and fatter than children from mothers with a normal prepregnancy BMI (Prepreg NORM). Prepreg OW children also had higher mean arterial pressure than Prepreg NORM children. BP values were not different across maternal Prepreg BMI/MVPA groups. Percent fat was significantly different across Prepreg BMI/MVPA groups. Prepreg OW children that did not meet the daily recommended value of MVPA were the fattest. Prepreg OW children that attained 360 min of MVPA/day had a mean percent body fat that was similar to Prepreg NORM children of either MVPA group.

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Do differences in compositional time use explain ethnic variation in the prevalence of obesity in children? Analyses using 24-hour accelerometry

10.26686/wgtn.12830837.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RW Taylor ◽

JJ Haszard ◽

VL Farmer ◽

R Richards ◽

Lisa Te Morenga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Time Use ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Z Score ◽

Movement Data ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Log Ratio

© 2019, Springer Nature Limited. Background/Objectives: Whether variation in sleep and physical activity explain marked ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in childhood obesity is unclear. As time spent in one behaviour influences time spent in other behaviours across the 24-hour day, compositional analyses are essential. The aims of this study were to determine how ethnicity and socioeconomic status influence compositional time use in children, and whether differences in compositional time use explain variation in body mass index (BMI) z-score and obesity prevalence across ethnic groups. Methods: In all, 690 children (58% European, 20% Māori, 13% Pacific, 9% Asian; 66% low-medium deprivation and 34% high deprivation) aged 6–10 years wore an ActiGraph accelerometer 24-hours a day for 5 days yielding data on sedentary time, sleep, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Height and weight were measured using standard techniques and BMI z-scores calculated. Twenty-four hour movement data were transformed into isometric log-ratio co-ordinates for multivariable regression analysis and effect sizes were back-transformed. Results: European children spent more time asleep (predicted difference in minutes, 95% CI: 16.1, 7.4–24.9) and in MVPA (6.6 min, 2.4–10.4), and less time sedentary (−10.2 min, −19.8 to −0.6) and in LPA (−12.2 min, −21.0 to −3.5) than non-European children. Overall, 10% more sleep was associated with a larger difference in BMI z-score (adjusted difference, 95% CI: −0.13, −0.25 to −0.01) than 10% more MVPA (−0.06, −0.09 to −0.03). Compositional time use explained 35% of the increased risk of obesity in Pacific compared with European children after adjustment for age, sex, deprivation and diet, but only 9% in Māori and 24% in Asian children. Conclusions: Ethnic differences in compositional time use explain a relatively small proportion of the ethnic differences in obesity prevalence that exist in children.

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Sleep and BMI in South African urban and rural, high and low-income preschool children

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10591-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dale E. Rae ◽

Simone A. Tomaz ◽

Rachel A. Jones ◽

Trina Hinkley ◽

Rhian Twine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Preschool Children ◽

South African ◽

Low Income ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Z Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Sleep Parameters ◽

Z Scores

Abstract Background The extent to which income setting or rural and urban environments modify the association between sleep and obesity in young children is unclear. The aims of this cross-sectional observational study were to (i) describe and compare sleep in South African preschool children from rural low-income (RL), urban low-income (UL) and urban high-income (UH) settings; and (ii) test for associations between sleep parameters and body mass index (BMI). Methods Participants were preschoolers (5.2 ± 0.7y, 49.5% boys) from RL (n = 111), UL (n = 65) and UH (n = 22) settings. Height and weight were measured. Sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity were assessed using accelerometery. Results UL children had higher BMI z-scores (median: 0.39; interquartile range: − 0.27, 0.99) than the UH (− 0.38; − 0.88, 0.11) and RL (− 0.08; − 0.83, 0.53) children (p = 0.001). The UL children had later bedtimes (p < 0.001) and wake-up times (p < 0.001) and shorter 24 h (p < 0.001) and nocturnal (p < 0.001) sleep durations than the RL and UH children. After adjusting for age, sex, setting, SB and PA, for every hour less sleep obtained (24 h and nocturnal), children were 2.28 (95% CI: 1.28–4.35) and 2.22 (95% CI: 1.27–3.85) more likely, respectively, to belong to a higher BMI z-score quartile. Conclusions Shorter sleep is associated with a higher BMI z-score in South African preschoolers, despite high levels of PA, with UL children appearing to be particularly vulnerable.

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Clustering of lifestyle factors in Spanish university students: the relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet quality

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012000080 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 2131-2139 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Carlos Moreno-Gómez ◽

Dora Romaguera-Bosch ◽

Pedro Tauler-Riera ◽

Miquel Bennasar-Veny ◽

Jordi Pericas-Beltran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

University Students ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Balearic Islands ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Processed Meat

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain the prevalence of and association between main lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking) in students from the Balearic Islands University.DesignA cross-sectional, descriptive study. A questionnaire including questions on lifestyle, dietary habits and physical activity habits was administered to the students. Four different diet quality scores were calculated (Diet Diversity Score, Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Guidelines Score and Global Dietary Guidelines Score).SettingA sample of students from the Balearic Islands University.SubjectsNine hundred and eighty-seven students (45·5 % males; mean age 21·5 (sd 3·3) years).ResultsThe dietary pattern of the student population was characterized by a low consumption of cereals and tubers, fruits, vegetables, olive oil, legumes and nuts, and a high consumption of processed meat, sweets, snacks, soft drinks and pastries. Linear, positive and statistically significant correlations were found between the number of meals consumed daily and all of the diet quality scores determined. Determinants of diet quality, both in the univariate and multivariate analyses, were physical activity practice, sex, age and number of meals consumed daily.ConclusionsRisk factors such as smoking, diet and physical inactivity had a tendency of clustering among Spanish university students. Overall diet quality was low, due to important departures from dietary recommendations and loss of the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern. Nutritional education campaigns that include promotion of physical activity practice are needed to improve the overall health status of this population.

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Nutritional role of amniotic fluid: clues from infants with congenital obstruction of the digestive tract

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2017-314531 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. F199-F201 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nigel J Hall ◽

Melanie Drewett ◽

David Burge

Keyword(s):

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Control Group ◽

Z Score ◽

Term Infants ◽

Z Scores ◽

And Gender

AimsTo investigate the role played by amniotic fluid in late fetal nutrition by analysis of infants born with digestive tract atresia.MethodsBirth weight (BW), gestational age and gender of infants born with oesophageal (OA), duodenal (DA), jejunal (JA) and ileal atresia (IA) were recorded and BW Z-scores compared. Infants with incomplete obstruction (stenosis), chromosomal or syndromic conditions and multiple congenital malformations were excluded. Term infants admitted with suspected postnatal intestinal obstruction in whom no congenital malformation was found were used as a control group.ResultsA total of 584 infants were identified comprising 148 OA, 60 DA, 26 JA and 57 IA with 293 in the control group. Infants with OA and DA had statistically significantly lower BW Z-score than controls. However, BW Z-score for infants with more distal atresia (JA and IA) was similar to controls. When compared with infants with OA, BW Z-score for infants with more distal atresia was higher than that for OA. BW Z-score in infants with OA was significantly lower in those born at term compared with those born preterm (mean±SD −0.92±1.0 vs −0.48±0.87; p=0.01) with a significant negative correlation between BW Z-score and increasing gestational age (R2=0.12; p<0.0001). This effect of gestational age was not seen in other atresias.ConclusionThese observations support the concept that reduced enteral absorption of amniotic fluid due to high digestive tract obstruction in utero reduces fetal growth. The effect is greater when the obstruction is more proximal and with advancing gestation.

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