Mapping leisure shopping trip decision making: validation of the CNET interview protocol

As awareness of the built environment’s impact on individual and community health spreads through design and construction, different stakeholders are engaging in conversations of strategies and metrics. This paper explores the structure, methodology, and findings of research supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation addressing how multifamily developers conceptualize, discuss and implement health strategies in their projects. Framed in a Critical Theory perspective, this research first explores the traditional multifamily development decision-making process, specifically targeting how early adopters in multifamily development are discussing health and wellness in their projects. By unpacking the discussions around health and wellbeing in design, real estate development, and public health, aligned concepts are identified to operationalize these concepts for further exploration. Using a comparative case study strategy addressing how and why (Yin 2017), five developers positioned as early adopters were engaged to better understand how they each conceptualize, implement and measure health strategies in their multifamily projects. Two-day in-depth interviews were held in two initial developers’ home offices, addressing their standard design and decision-making processes and evolving into specific consideration of various health strategies. Four additional developers were engaged either over the phone or in person. Interview protocol ensured that discussion topics were standardized at the outset, with the following topics addressed with each partner: (1) company mission, (2) organizational structure, (3) differentiation in the market, (4) company evaluation metrics, (5) assessment scales, (6) decision-making processes, (7) market trends, (8) use of evidence-based data, (9) internal health discussions, and (10) investor relationships. Cyclical data collection, transcription, and analysis allowed the interview protocol to be modified for emergent topics. Site visits, website analysis, and clicks through national online real estate databases also contributed to a holistic perspective of this complex problem. Findings indicate that multifamily developers are focusing on upfront, marketable strategies that are likely to foster mental and social health, but with little regard of applying any form of evaluative metrics. Rating systems addressing health are of little help. When asked directly about choices to influence the health of residents, participants heavily cited (1) location, emphasizing access to community amenities; (2) place making, for community building and social and mental wellbeing; and (3) physical fitness opportunities through fitness spaces. Even those developers viewed as early adopters are uncomfortable discussing health strategies using a public health lens. This research intends to highlight interdisciplinary conversations surrounding health in multifamily real estate, contributing to more rigorous adoption of health strategies in this challenging building type. These findings can be valuable to stakeholders in design, development, private investment, property management, public health, community design, and policy.

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Fashion consumers’ channel-hopping profiles by psychographics and demographics

International Journal of Market Research ◽

10.1177/1470785318821854 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 615-632

Author(s):

Stacy H Lee ◽

Sojin Jung

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Consumer Decision Making ◽

Perceived Benefits ◽

Consumer Decision ◽

Consumer Responses ◽

Shopping Trip ◽

Risks And Benefits ◽

Channel Hopping ◽

Decision Making Model

Omni-channel retailing has created different shopping paradigms, such as channel hopping, to meet diverse consumer expectations through various channels. Based on the consumer decision-making model, this study explored the typology of consumer groups based on consumers’ channel usage during the entire shopping trip and how each group differs in terms of shopping values, shopping behaviors, perceived benefits, and risks. Using a total of 264 US nationwide consumer responses, we identified four consumer groups that have distinctive channel-hopping patterns; hyperconnected shoppers, traditional shoppers, web shoppers, and webroomers. Our findings revealed unique shopping values and shopping behaviors in each of these categories, as well as perceived risks and benefits among the four groups. This study’s results can serve as empirical evidence to provide better insights to help retailers develop successful omni-channel strategies and also contribute to the omni-channel retailing literature.

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A Work-Fun Model of Shopping Behaviour: Explaining When Consumers Buy on Impulse

Multidisciplinary Business Review ◽

10.35692/07183992.13.2.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Francesco Massara

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Decision Time ◽

Grocery Store ◽

Self Control ◽

Shopping Trip ◽

Budget Analysis ◽

Product Features ◽

Shopping Behaviour ◽

Computer Based

A study was conducted that implemented a computer-based research vehicle to capture microscopic aspects of shopping and to permit a moment-by-moment analysis of consumer-environment interactions. Participants shopped in a virtual grocery store with a fixed budget. Analysis of shopping behaviour revealed a significant relationship between the time spent in the store, the shopping path taken, and the number of unplanned purchases made. Temporal analysis indicated that unplanned purchases were very unlikely during the first 25% of the time spent in the store, but became very likely during the last 25% of in-store time. This relationship is characterized as a “work-fun model of shopping behaviour”. Decision time was shown to increase steadily throughout the shopping trip; affective product features had a greater impact on difficult choices during the latter part of the shopping trip. The results fit with expectations derived from self-control theories and suggest an extension of the traditional exposure theory of in-store decision making.

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The Moderating Effect of Buying Impulsivity on the Dynamics of Unplanned Purchasing Motivations

Journal of Marketing Research ◽

10.1177/0022243720912284 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 548-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jacob Suher ◽

Wayne D. Hoyer

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

Personality Trait ◽

Field Studies ◽

Sequential Choice ◽

Online Experiments ◽

Consumer Motivation ◽

Shopping Trip ◽

Shopper Marketing ◽

Point Of Purchase

Previous studies of in-store decision making have assumed that motivations for unplanned purchases are homogeneous throughout a shopping trip. In response to this assumption, the authors develop a conceptual framework to explain how consumers’ internal (i.e., intrinsic) and external (i.e., extrinsic) motivations for unplanned purchases actually vary during a shopping trip. Two field studies and five online experiments provide evidence that the personality trait of buying impulsivity predicts differences in whether a shopper initially focuses on internal motivations (e.g., “because I love it”) or external motivations (e.g., “because it is on sale”) for unplanned purchases at the beginning of a shopping trip and, consistent with a mechanism of motivation balancing, that motivations for unplanned purchases change as a shopper satisfies their initial motivations. The studies also demonstrate how the level of buying impulsivity influences the effectiveness of point-of-purchase messages at stimulating unplanned purchases and consumers’ relative spending on unplanned purchases. Overall, these findings address conflicting results in previous shopping studies, advance the literature streams on consumer motivation and sequential choice, and contribute insights to enhance shopper-marketing programs.

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Discarding optimality: Throwing out the baby with the bathwater?

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18001401 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Patrick Simen ◽

Fuat Balcı

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Perceptual Decision Making ◽

Reward Rate ◽

Perceptual Decision ◽

Standard Observer ◽

Rate Maximization ◽

Reward Rate Maximization ◽

Descriptive Standard ◽

Observer Model

AbstractRahnev & Denison (R&D) argue against normative theories and in favor of a more descriptive “standard observer model” of perceptual decision making. We agree with the authors in many respects, but we argue that optimality (specifically, reward-rate maximization) has proved demonstrably useful as a hypothesis, contrary to the authors’ claims.

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LPCD framework: Analytical tool or psychological model?

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18001383 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

David Danks

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Analytical Tool ◽

Mathematical Framework ◽

Bayesian Decision ◽

Perceptual Decision Making ◽

Psychological Model ◽

Psychological Reality ◽

Psychological Theories ◽

Target Article ◽

Bayesian Decision Making

AbstractThe target article uses a mathematical framework derived from Bayesian decision making to demonstrate suboptimal decision making but then attributes psychological reality to the framework components. Rahnev & Denison's (R&D) positive proposal thus risks ignoring plausible psychological theories that could implement complex perceptual decision making. We must be careful not to slide from success with an analytical tool to the reality of the tool components.

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Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Arceneaux

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

History Of ◽

Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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