Roe deer as a bioindicator: preliminary data on the impact of the geothermal power plants on the mineral profile in internal and bone tissues in Tuscany (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (29) ◽  
pp. 36121-36131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamil Cappelli ◽  
Irene Frasca ◽  
Andrés García ◽  
Tomas Landete-Castillejos ◽  
Siriano Luccarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Geothermal Power ◽  
The Impact

Geothermal Power Cycle Analysis for Commercial Applicability Using Sequestered Supercritical CO2 as a Heat Transfer or Working Fluid

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Janke ◽  
Thomas Kuehn
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Direct System ◽  
Geothermal Power ◽  
The Impact

Thermodynamic analysis has been conducted for geothermal power cycles using a portion of deep ground sequestered CO2 as the working fluid. This allows energy production from much shallower depths and in geologic areas with much lower temperature gradients than those of current geothermal systems. Two different system designs were analyzed for power production with varying reservoir parameters, including reservoir depth, temperature, and CO2 mass flow rate. The first design is a direct single-loop system with the CO2 run directly through the turbine. This system was found to provide higher system efficiency and power production, however design complications such as the need for high pressure turbines, two-phase flow through the turbine and the potential for water-CO2 brine mixtures, could require the use of numerous custom components, driving up the cost. The second design is a binary system using CO2 as the heat transfer fluid to supply thermal energy to an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). While this system was found to have slightly less power production and efficiency than the direct system, it significantly reduces the impact of design complications associated with the direct system. This in turn reduces the necessity for certain custom components, thereby reducing system cost. While performance of these two systems is largely dependent on location and operating conditions, the binary system is likely applicable to a larger number of sites and will be more cost effective when used in combination with current off-the-shelf ORC power plants.

Design and Selection of Turbo-Machinery for Solar and Geothermal Power Plants

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cyclic Behavior ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Geothermal Power ◽  
Turbo Machinery ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temperature Applications

Several important sources of renewable energy, such as biomass, concentrated solar panels, waste heat, geothermal, or tidal, use different types of turbo-machinery for conversion to electrical power. The diverse nature of the heat sources and their cyclic behavior make the design of the turbo-machinery power generation equipment quite different than that of the steam turbines used in conventional power plants. The high capital cost of these renewable facilities and the limited hours of operation are powerful drivers to increase the turbo-machinery efficiency. The paper reviews the state-of-the-art hardware designs for each application from an engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) Contractor’s perspective. Specifically for geothermal power, the discussion covers the application of working fluids other than steam, organic fluid, various mixtures of fluids etc. The benefits and limitations of each method are addressed, along with the impact of geothermal source flow and temperature on the cycle efficiency. The paper also covers the special requirements for single- and multiple-stage arrangements for geothermal applications. For concentrated thermal solar either in high-temperature applications, such as the power tower, or in medium-temperature applications, such as the solar troughs collector field, the paper addresses the unique requirements for performance, integration, and fast startup of the turbines, including the impact of various thermal storage options. Since most of the concentrated thermal solar applications are in arid regions, the paper discusses the heat sink selection (air-cooled condenser [ACC], hybrid, Heller tower, etc.) and how it impacts the plant design and performance. In conclusion, the paper deals with practical issues of achieving a balance between the economics of generation and cost of equipment and reliability for renewable power plants.

Long-term population dynamics of the red deer and European roe deer at the protected and not-protected areas in Mountain Crimea

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
V. N. Shmagol' ◽  
V. L. Yarysh ◽  
S. P. Ivanov ◽  
V. I. Maltsev
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The Impact

<p>The long-term population dynamics of the red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em> L.) and European roe deer (<em>Capreolus</em> <em>capreolus</em> L.) at the mountain and forest zone of Crimea during 1980-2017 is presented. Fluctuations in numbers of both species are cyclical and partly synchronous. Period of oscillations in the population of red deer is about 25 years, the average duration of the oscillation period of number of roe deer is 12.3 years. During the fluctuations in the number the increasing and fall in population number of the red deer had been as 26-47 %, and roe deer – as 22-34 %. Basing on the dada obtained we have assumed that together with large-scale cycles of fluctuations in population number of both red deer and roe deer the short cycles of fluctuations in the number of these species with period from 3.5 to 7.5 years take place. Significant differences of the parameters of cyclical fluctuations in the number of roe deer at some sites of the Mountainous Crimea: breaches of synchronicity, as well as significant differences in the duration of cycles are revealed. The greatest deviations from the average values of parameters of long-term dynamics of the number of roe deer in Crimea are noted for groups of this species at two protected areas. At the Crimean Nature Reserve the cycle time of fluctuations of the numbers of roe deer was 18 years. At the Karadag Nature Reserve since 1976 we can see an exponential growth in number of roe deer that is continued up to the present time. By 2016 the number of roe deer reached 750 individuals at a density of 437 animals per 1 thousand ha. Peculiarity of dynamics of number of roe deer at some sites proves the existence in the mountain forest of Crimea several relatively isolated groups of deer. We assumed that "island" location of the Crimean populations of red deer and European roe deer, their relatively little number and influence of permanent extreme factors of both natural and anthropogenic origination have contributed to a mechanism of survival of these populations. The elements of such a mechanism include the following features of long-term dynamics of the population: the reduction in the period of cyclic population fluctuations, while maintaining their amplitude and the appearance of additional small cycles, providing more flexible response of the population to the impact of both negative and positive environmental factors. From the totality of the weather conditions for the Crimean population of roe deer the recurring periods of increases and downs in the annual precipitation amount may have relevance. There was a trend of increase in the roe deer population during periods of increasing annual precipitation.</p>

ALLEGHENY LUDLUM AL 29-4C

Alloy Digest ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Resistant Alloy ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Alloy ◽  
Geothermal Power

Abstract AL 29-4C is a highly corrosion resistant alloy with a relatively high strength. This combination allows the use of lighter gage tubes, and has led to its use in the brine heat exchangers of geothermal power plants. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming and joining. Filing Code: SS-554. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.

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