scholarly journals Juice chemical properties of 24 sorghum cultivars under varying levels of sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) infestation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Knoll ◽  
Minori Uchimiya ◽  
Karen Harris-Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Sweet Sorghum Juice ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Aconitic Acid

AbstractSugarcane aphids [Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner)] have become a significant pest of grain, forage, and sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in the USA in recent years. However, the effects of sugarcane aphid damage on sweet sorghum juice quality have not been well studied. A three-year (2015–2017) field study was conducted at Tifton, GA to assess planting date effects (April, May, or June planting) and cultivar responses (24 cultivars) to sugarcane aphids in sorghum. Aphid damage ratings were measured in all three years and cumulative aphid days were measured in 2016 and 2017. Cumulative aphid days (ln scale) and damage ratings (relative marginal effect) were correlated in five of the six plantings. Stem juice was collected at maturity from seven plantings for chemical analyses, which included HPLC, fluorescence excitation-emission spectrophotometry with parallel factor analysis (EEM/PARAFAC), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Aphid damage ratings and cumulative aphid days were negatively correlated with sugar-related traits, particularly brix and total sugars. In four plantings, significant negative correlations (r ≤ −0.493) between trans-aconitic acid concentration and aphid damage were observed. Fluorescence and electrochemical properties related to the presence of polyphenols also showed correlations with aphid damage, particularly in the resistant landrace No. 5 Gambela. These secondary metabolites may play a role in sugarcane aphid resistance or tolerance. Stability analysis revealed that the more tolerant cultivars were able to maintain high concentrations of total sugars and trans-aconitic acid across environments.

scholarly journals Stalk-Juice Quality Traits of Sweet Sorghum as Affected by Season in Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Salma I. Abdalbagi ◽  
Maarouf I. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Season Interaction

An experiment was conducted in Shambat (2012-2013) during the summer and winter seasons to study the stalk-juice quality parameters of 29 exotic and local sweet sorghum varieties as affected by season. The objectives were to provide basic data attributing to syrup and sugar (jaggery) production in the Sudan. The materials were arranged in RCB design. Data were collected on brix, pol (sucrose %), reducing sugars, total sugars, purity and pH. The single and combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among varieties for all traits studied. The variety x season interaction was significant for all traits other than total sugars %, implying the need for considering the variety choice in each season. The results of juice quality parameters were mostly within the range reported in the literature. The exotic materials excelled the local ones in brix, pol%, total sugars% and purity. The exotic varieties: N100, Red-X, Hastings and N110 as well as the local Ankolib selections: AnkNyala and Ank36 were identified as having juice quality traits suitable for syrup production. The exotic varieties: BlueRibbon, KansasCollies and Brawley were identified for sugar (jaggery) production. It was concluded that interaction of variety x season and yield parameters for juice, grain and stover should be considered when determining the choice of the variety. Future research should focus on developing multi-purpose varieties capable for concurrent production of syrup/sugar, grain and stover.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genetic Mechanisms of Sugarcane Aphid Resistance in Grain Sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7129
Author(s):  
Desalegn D. Serba ◽  
Xiaoxi Meng ◽  
James Schnable ◽  
Elfadil Bashir ◽  
J. P. Michaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (SCA), has become a major pest of grain sorghum since its appearance in the USA. Several grain sorghum parental lines are moderately resistant to the SCA. However, the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying this resistance are poorly understood, which has constrained breeding for improved resistance. RNA-Seq was used to conduct transcriptomics analysis on a moderately resistant genotype (TAM428) and a susceptible genotype (Tx2737) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance. Differential expression analysis revealed differences in transcriptomic profile between the two genotypes at multiple time points after infestation by SCA. Six gene clusters had differential expression during SCA infestation. Gene ontology enrichment and cluster analysis of genes differentially expressed after SCA infestation revealed consistent upregulation of genes controlling protein and lipid binding, cellular catabolic processes, transcription initiation, and autophagy in the resistant genotype. Genes regulating responses to external stimuli and stress, cell communication, and transferase activities, were all upregulated in later stages of infestation. On the other hand, expression of genes controlling cell cycle and nuclear division were reduced after SCA infestation in the resistant genotype. These results indicate that different classes of genes, including stress response genes and transcription factors, are responsible for countering the physiological effects of SCA infestation in resistant sorghum plants.

Acetic Acid-Tolerant Native Yeast Pichia kudriavzevii ITV-S42 Isolated from Sweet Sorghum Juice for Ethanol Production

Sugar Tech ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Díaz-Nava ◽  
M. G. Aguilar-Uscanga ◽  
B. Ortiz-Muñiz ◽  
N. Montes-García ◽  
J. M. Domínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Pichia Kudriavzevii ◽  
Sweet Sorghum Juice ◽  
Acid Tolerant

In vitro insecticidal effect of commercial fatty acids, ß-sitosterol and rutin against the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Aguilar Marcelino ◽  
Jesús Antonio Pineda Alegría ◽  
David Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez ◽  
Víctor Manuel Hernández Velázquez ◽  
Gonzalo Iván Silva Aguayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Alternative Means

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the main pest of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (Poaceae), in Mexico. To control this insect, farmers currently use synthetic chemical insecticides, which are toxic to humans and biodiversity. However, natural products are a promising potential source of safer alternative means to control different agricultural pests. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of contact by fumigation of pure molecules of four commercial fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, pentadecanoic and linoleic acids), the phytosterol ß -sitosterol, and the flavonoid rutin. The results showed that fatty acids were the most effective against M. sacchari ; the highest mortality rate (85%) was produced by linoleic acid and the LC 50 was 1,181 ppm, followed by stearic and palmitic acids with mortality percentages of 74 and 63%, respectively, at a concentration of 2,500 ppm at 72 h. The positive control, imidacloprid, had 100% mortality in 24 h and the tween 20 negative control exhibited 4% mortality in 72 h. Our results show that commercial fatty acids are effective against adults of M. sacchari , and can be considered an environmentally friendly alternative to the frequent use of synthetic chemical insecticides.

Characterization of NOM in a drinking water treatment process train with no disinfectant residual

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Baghoth ◽  
M. Dignum ◽  
A. Grefte ◽  
J. Kroesbergen ◽  
G. L. Amy
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

For drinking water treatment plants that do not use disinfectant residual in the distribution system, it is important to limit availability of easily biodegradable natural organic matter (NOM) fractions which could enhance bacterial regrowth in the distribution system. This can be achieved by optimising the removal of those fractions of interest during treatment; however, this requires a better understanding of the physical and chemical properties of these NOM components. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and liquid chromatography with online organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) were used to characterize NOM in water samples from one of the two water treatment plants serving Amsterdam, The Netherlands. No disinfectant residual is applied in the distribution system. Fluorescence EEM and LC-OCD were used to track NOM fractions. Whereas fluorescence EEM shows the reduction of humic-like as well as protein-like fluorescence signatures, LC-OCD was able to quantify the changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of five NOM fractions: humic substances, building blocks (hydrolysates of humics), biopolymers, low molecular weight acids and neutrals.

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