Residentially-Placed Youth and the Adverse Childhood Experiences-Recidivism Relationship: Considering Racial/Ethnic and Sex Differences

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley R. Zettler ◽  
Jessica M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health Care Access Are Associated with Adverse Childhood Experiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225-1233
Author(s):  
Aditi Srivastav ◽  
Chelsea L. Richard ◽  
Colby Kipp ◽  
Melissa Strompolis ◽  
Kellee White
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Are the Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Violent Recidivism Offense-Specific?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Craig ◽  
Haley R. Zettler
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Southern State ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Minority Males ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

A growing body of literature has found that exposure to child maltreatment and other forms of family dysfunction, often conceptualized as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), are associated with delinquent and criminal behavior. Recent research has indicated that the effects of ACEs on offending may differ not only by offense type but also by sex and race/ethnicity. However, no study to-date has investigated the effects of ACEs on violent-specific recidivism, nor how these effects differ by sex- and racial/ethnic-specific subgroups. The current study seeks to address this gap by examining a large, diverse sample of serious delinquents institutionalized in a large southern state. The results indicated that while ACEs increased the likelihood of being rearrested for any violent felony, the effects were particularly strong for domestic violence and sexual offenses among white females and minority males. A discussion of these findings are presented, along with the limitations of the study.

Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Adverse Childhood Experiences and Selected Health-Related Behaviors and Problems Among Maryland Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483992110082
Author(s):  
Renee M. Johnson ◽  
Ashley V. Hill ◽  
Vanya C. Jones ◽  
Terrinieka W. Powell ◽  
Lorraine T. Dean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Health Related Behaviors ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

We examined racial/ethnic inequities in the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and examined the association between ACEs and selected health-related behaviors and problems. Data for this cross-sectional study come from the 2018 Maryland Youth Risk Behavior Survey/Youth Tobacco Survey, a statewide survey of high school students (n = 40,188). ACEs included caregiver verbal abuse and household food insecurity, substance use or gambling, mental illness, and involvement with the criminal justice system. We estimated the prevalence of ACEs overall and by race/ethnicity, and then used multiple logistic regression to determine associations between ACEs and emotional/behavioral problems, adjusting for race/ethnicity. Outcome variables included emotional distress, poor school performance, suicidal ideation, fighting, alcohol use, and marijuana use. More than one fifth of students reported each individual ACE. Differences in the prevalence of ACEs by race/ethnicity were statistically significant (p < .001). More than one fourth (25.8%) reported one of the five ACEs, 15.1% reported two, and 15.4% reported three or more. For each ACE, reporting having experienced it (vs. not) was associated with a >30% higher prevalence for each of the outcome variables. Among students who reported three or more ACEs (relative to none), the odds of emotional distress and suicidal ideation were more than 8 times greater. Among Maryland adolescents, ACEs are common, are inequitably distributed by race/ethnicity, and are strongly linked to behavioral health. Findings suggest the need to monitor ACEs as a routine component of adolescent health surveillance and to refocus assessment and intervention toward “upstream” factors that shape adolescent health.

scholarly journals Intersections of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Race and Ethnicity and Asthma Outcomes: Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8236
Author(s):  
Tristen Hall ◽  
Ronica Rooks ◽  
Carol Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Black African ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Racial and ethnic minority subpopulations experience a disproportionate burden of asthma and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). These disparities result from systematic differences in risk exposure, opportunity access, and return on resources, but we know little about how accumulated differentials in ACEs may be associated with adult asthma by racial/ethnic groups. We used Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (N = 114,015) from 2009 through 2012 and logistic regression to examine the relationship between ACEs and adult asthma using an intersectional lens, investigating potential differences for women and men aged 18 and older across seven racial/ethnic groups. ACEs were significantly related to asthma, adjusting for race/ethnicity and other covariates. Compared to the reference group (Asians), asthma risk was significantly greater for Black/African American, American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN), White, and multiracial respondents. In sex-stratified interactional models, ACEs were significantly related to asthma among women. The relationship between ACEs and asthma was significantly weaker for Black/African American and AIAN women compared to the reference group (Asian women). The findings merit attention for the prevention and early detection of ACEs to mitigate long-term health disparities, supporting standardized screening and referrals in clinical settings, evidence-based prevention in communities, and the exploration of strategies to buffer the influence of adversities in health.

scholarly journals Are adverse childhood experiences associated with late-life cognitive performance across racial/ethnic groups: results from the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences study baseline

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e042125
Author(s):  
Audra L Gold ◽  
Erika Meza ◽  
Sarah F Ackley ◽  
Dan M Mungas ◽  
Rachel A Whitmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Racial Ethnic

ObjectivesEvidence on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and late-life cognitive outcomes is inconsistent, with little research among diverse racial/ethnic groups. We investigated whether ACE exposures were associated with worse late-life cognition for all racial/ethnic groups and at different ages of exposure.DesignCovariate-adjusted mixed-effects linear regression models estimated associations of: (1) total number of ACEs experienced, (2) earliest age when ACE occurred and (3) type of ACE with overall cognition.SettingKaiser Permanente Northern California members aged 65 years and older, living in Northern California.ParticipantsKaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences study baseline participants, aged 65 years and older (n=1661; including 403 Asian-American, 338 Latino, 427 Black and 493 white participants).ResultsMost respondents (69%) reported one or more ACE, most frequently family illness (36%), domestic violence (23%) and parental divorce (22%). ACE count was not adversely associated with cognition overall (β=0.01; 95% CI −0.01 to 0.03), in any racial/ethnic group or for any age category of exposure. Pooling across all race/ethnicities, parent’s remarriage (β=−0.11; 95% CI −0.20 to −0.03), mother’s death (β=−0.18; 95% CI −0.30 to −0.07) and father’s death (β=−0.11; 95% CI −0.20 to −0.01) were associated with worse cognition.ConclusionAdverse childhood exposures overall were not associated with worse cognition in older adults in a diverse sample, although three ACEs were associated with worse cognitive outcomes.

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