Impregnation modification of sugar palm fibres with phenol formaldehyde and unsaturated polyester

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Ishak ◽  
Z. Leman ◽  
S. M. Sapuan ◽  
M. Z. A. Rahman ◽  
U. M. K. Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Impregnation Modification

scholarly journals Interfacial Debonding Force and Shear Strength of Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Fiber Reinforced Composites by Pull-Out Test

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1931-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.S. Khor ◽  
Leman Zulkiflle ◽  
C. H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Interfacial Shear ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Remarkable Improvement ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Fiber Matrix Interface

An experimental investigation was performed to understand the pulling out behaviour of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibers from unsaturated polyester (UP) composites. The effect of embedded length on the fiber-matrix interface was studied. Fibers were treated with UP and phenol formaldehyde (PF). Untreated fibers were used as the control. Single fiber pull-out tests were carried out for 360 specimens to determine the debonding force and interfacial shear strength (IFSS). Significant increase in debonding force of untreated fiber and UP-impregnated fiber was observed from embedded length of 2 mm to 3 mm. However, no significant increase was observed for the embedded length of more than 3 mm. Debonding force showed remarkable improvement with ascending order of untreated fibers, PF-impregnated fibers, and UP-impregnated fibers. The optimum embedded lengths of untreated fibers and UP fibers were determined. Additional finding showed that the interfacial shear strength decreased as the embedded length increased. However, UP-impregnated fibers showed the highest IFSS value, followed by PF fibers and untreated fibers. Analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was also included to justify the result.

Effects of Impregnation Time on Physical and Tensile Properties of Impregnated Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Fibres

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Ishak ◽  
Zulkiflle Leman ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
M.Z.A. Rahman ◽  
U.M.K. Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Lower Tensile Strength

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of impregnation time on physical and tensile properties of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibres. The fibre was impregnated with phenol formaldehyde (PF) and unsaturated polyester (UP) with various impregnation times (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 min) at constant impregnation pressure of 1000 mmHg, before it was released within 30 s. Significant improvement in physical properties was observed after being impregnated for 5 min especially for fibre impregnated with PF due to its low moisture content (MC) and water absorption (WA). However, no significant changes in specific gravity for both impregnated fibres were observed. Fibre impregnated with UP for 5 min shows notable improvement in tensile strength and better fibre toughness while the fibre impregnated with PF showed lower tensile strength and elongation at break and higher tensile modulus than un-impregnated fibre. Since the PF-impregnated fibre become brittle and results in lower fibre toughness as shown in the stress strain behavior, this causes for poor fibre properties. However, there was no significant difference (p≤0.05) between all impregnated fibres in physical and tensile properties after impregnation time was extended from 10 to 25 min. In general, by increasing time of impregnation did not give much effect in improving physical and tensile properties of fibres.

Effects of Impregnation Pressure on Physical and Tensile Properties of Impregnated Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Fibres

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 1153-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Ishak ◽  
Zulkiflle Leman ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
M.Z.A. Rahman ◽  
U.M.K. Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
High Toughness ◽  
Sugar Palm Fibre ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Palm Fibre

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of impregnation pressure on physical and tensile properties of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibres. The fibre was impregnated with phenol formaldehyde (PF) and unsaturated polyester (UP) with different impregnation pressures (1000, 900, 800, 700, 600 and 500 mmHg) at constant impregnation time of 5 min. Significant improvement in physical properties was observed due to reduction of moisture content (MC) and water absorption (WA) after being impregnated from 1000 to 500 mmHg while PF-impregnated fibre was showing more superior. Improvement in mechanical properties was also observed after being impregnated where much better tensile properties and toughness were found at UP-impregnated fibres while PF-impregnated fibres were found to be very much lower in toughness. This study concluded that in order to obtain a high toughness and better physical properties of sugar palm fibre, the fibre should be impregnated with UP resin with impregnation pressure of 600 mmHg.

scholarly journals Potensi Serbuk Kayu Ulin dan Serbuk Bambu Sebagai Aplikasi Papan Partikel Ramah Lingkungan - Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Andromeda Dwi Laksono ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Nurhidayatur Rozikin ◽  
Nur Aini Safitri Pattara ◽  
Ifdil Cahyadi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Polyurethane Resin ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
Bamboo Powder

The wood and bamboo waste from the exploitation and industry are still not fully utilized where they are now being used as raw material for particleboard. The purpose of this narrative review is to find out the concept of particleboard, the mechanism of particleboard, and the potential for wood and bamboo powder in particleboard applications. The method of creating particleboard was using dehydrated sawdust and bamboo then pouring the powder with adhesive. In this narrative review, there are several types of adhesives which are Polyurethane Resin, Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF), Epoxy, Polystyrene Based Resin (PBR), and Unsaturated Polyester (UP). After molding powder and adhesive mixture, it was hot-pressed to make a particleboard product. Finally, the mixture was tested for the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard products based on Indonesian National Standard. The physical and mechanical properties are increases by particleboard with a proportion of 75%-100% teak wood (T. Grandis) and 25%-50% bamboo. It's known that ironwood has characteristics close to that of the teak species. Therefore, the ironwood and bamboo sawdust has the potential to be used as raw material for particleboard. And the recommended method based on the type of adhesive used is UP.

A Study of Some Mechanical and Physical Properties for Palm Fiber/Polyester Composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Samah M. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Polyester Composite

This research has been done by reinforcing the matrix (unsaturated polyester) resin with natural material (date palm fiber (DPF)). The fibers were exposure to alkali treatment before reinforcement. The samples have been prepared by using hand lay-up technique with fiber volume fraction of (10%, 20% and 30%). After preparation of the mechanical and physical properties have been studied such as, compression, flexural, impact strength, thermal conductivity, Dielectric constant and dielectric strength. The polyester composite reinforced with date palm fiber at volume fraction (10% and 20%) has good mechanical properties rather than pure unsaturated polyester material, while the composite reinforced with 30% Vf present poor mechanical properties. Thermal conductivity results indicated insulator composite behavior. The effect of present fiber polar group induces of decreasing in dielectric strength, and increasing dielectric constant. The reinforcement composite 20% Vf showed the best results in mechanical, thermal and electrical properties.

Purification of water contaminated with heavy metals by example of lead as promising material based on graphene nanostructures

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
N. R. Memetov ◽  
◽  
A. V. Gerasimova ◽  
A. E. Kucherova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Purification Of Water ◽  
Graphene Nanostructures

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of the use of graphene nanostructures in the purification of lead (II) ions to improve the ecological situation of water bodies. The mechanisms and characteristic parameters of the adsorption process were analyzed using empirical models of isotherms at temperatures of 298, 303, 313 and 323 K, which correspond to the following order (based on the correlation coefficient): Langmuir (0.99) > Temkin (0.97) > Dubinin – Radushkevich (0.90). The maximum adsorption capacity of the material corresponds to the range from 230 to 260 mg/g. We research the equilibrium at the level of thermodynamic parameter estimates, which indicates the spontaneity of the process, the endothermic nature and structure change of graphene modified with phenol-formaldehyde resin during the adsorption of lead (II) ions, leading to an increase in the disorder of the system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document