Results of comparative study of posterior interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforaminal interbody fusion (TLIF) in degenerative lumbar spine pathology are presented. Total number of patients was 101. In 47 patients (1st group) transpedicular fixation, decompression and interbody fusion with one cage (TLIF) was performed. In 54 patients (2nd group) transpedicular fixation via posteromedial approach, decompression of intracanal neurovascular structures and interbody fusion with two interbody implants (PLIF) was applied. Complex evaluation of surgical treatment results was performed in 52 patients in 6-12 months after surgery. It was shown that application of either of the techniques resulted in 95-98% cases of interbody block formation. Differential approach to application of those interbody fusion techniques and the advantages of TLIF over PLIF, i.e. simplicity and higher safety of performance, lower intraoperative blood loss and duration of surgical intervention, were presented.