scholarly journals Gaze-driven placement of items for proactive visual exploration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeo Takahashi ◽  
Akane Uchita ◽  
Kazuho Watanabe ◽  
Masatoshi Arikawa
Keyword(s):  
Association Rules ◽  
Matrix Factorization ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
User Studies ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Tracking Device

AbstractRecent advances in digital signage technology have improved the ability to visually select specific items within a group. Although this is due to the ability to dynamically update the display of items, the corresponding layout schemes remain a subject of research. This paper explores the sophisticated layout of items by respecting the underlying context of searching for favorite items. Our study begins by formulating the static placement of items as an optimization problem that incorporates aesthetic layout criteria as constraints. This is further extended to accommodate the dynamic placement of items for more proactive visual exploration based on the ongoing search context. Our animated layout is driven by analyzing the distribution of eye gaze through an eye-tracking device, by which we infer how the most attractive items lead to the finally wanted ones. We create a planar layout of items as a context map to establish association rules to dynamically replace existing items with new ones. For this purpose, we extract the set of important topics from a set of annotated texts associated with the items using matrix factorization. We also conduct user studies to evaluate the validity of the design criteria incorporated into both static and dynamic placement of items. After discussing the pros and cons of the proposed approach and possible themes for future research, we conclude this paper.

scholarly journals Triggermuscle: Exploring Weight Perception for Virtual Reality Through Adaptive Trigger Resistance in a Haptic VR Controller

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Stellmacher ◽  
Michael Bonfert ◽  
Ernst Kruijff ◽  
Johannes Schöning
Keyword(s):  
Index Finger ◽  
Weight Perception ◽  
User Studies ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Finger Force ◽  
Virtual Objects ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Spring Mechanism

It is challenging to provide users with a haptic weight sensation of virtual objects in VR since current consumer VR controllers and software-based approaches such as pseudo-haptics cannot render appropriate haptic stimuli. To overcome these limitations, we developed a haptic VR controller named Triggermuscle that adjusts its trigger resistance according to the weight of a virtual object. Therefore, users need to adapt their index finger force to grab objects of different virtual weights. Dynamic and continuous adjustment is enabled by a spring mechanism inside the casing of an HTC Vive controller. In two user studies, we explored the effect on weight perception and found large differences between participants for sensing change in trigger resistance and thus for discriminating virtual weights. The variations were easily distinguished and associated with weight by some participants while others did not notice them at all. We discuss possible limitations, confounding factors, how to overcome them in future research and the pros and cons of this novel technology.

A Review on Automatic Bill of Material Generation and Visual Inspection on PCBs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhil Azhagan M. S ◽  
Dhwani Mehta ◽  
Hangwei Lu ◽  
Sudarshan Agrawal ◽  
Mark Tehranipoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Bill Of Materials ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Image Analysis Techniques

Abstract Globalization and complexity of the PCB supply chain has made hardware assurance a challenging task. An automated system to extract the Bill of Materials (BoM) can save time and resources during the authentication process, however, there are numerous imaging modalities and image analysis techniques that can be used to create such a system. In this paper we review different imaging modalities and their pros and cons for automatic PCB inspection. In addition, image analysis techniques commonly used for such images are reviewed in a systematic way to provide a direction for future research in this area. Index Terms—Component Detection, PCB, Authentication, Image Analysis, Machine Learning

Spatially Enabled Pipeline Route Optimization Model

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Raza Wasi ◽  
J. Darren Bender
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Route Optimization ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
Ahp Model ◽  
Spatial Decision Making ◽  
Pipeline Route ◽  
Analytical Tools

An interesting, potentially useful, and fully replicable application of a spatially enabled decision model is presented for pipeline route optimization. This paper models the pipeline route optimization problem as a function of engineering and environmental design criteria. The engineering requirements mostly deal with capital, operational and maintenance costs, whereas environmental considerations ensure preservation of nature, natural resources and social integration. Typically, pipelines are routed in straight lines, to the extent possible, to minimize the capital construction costs. In contrast, longer pipelines and relatively higher costs may occur when environmental and social considerations are part of the design criteria. Similarly, much longer pipelines are less attractive in terms of capital costs and the environmental hazard associated with longer construction area. The pipeline route optimization problem is potentially a complex decision that is most often undertaken in an unstructured, qualitative fashion based on human experience and judgement. However, quantitative methods such as spatial analytical techniques, particularly the least-cost path algorithms, have greatly facilitated automation of the pipeline routing process. In the past several interesting studies have been conducted using quantitative spatial analytical tools for finding the best pipeline route or using non-spatial decision making tools to evaluate several alternates derived through conventional route reconnaissance methods. Most of these studies (that the authors are familiar with) have concentrated on integrating multiple sources of spatial data and performing quantitative least-cost path analysis or have attempted to make use of non-spatial decision making tools to select the best route. In this paper, the authors present a new framework that incorporates quantitative spatial analytical tools with an Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) model to provide a loosely integrated but efficient spatial Decision Support System (DSS). Specifically, the goal is to introduce a fully replicable spatial DSS that processes both quantitative and qualitative information, balances between lowest-cost and lowest-impact routes. The model presented in this paper is implemented in a four step process: first, integration of multiple source data that provide basis for engineering and environmental design criteria; second, creation of several alternate routes; third, building a comprehensive decision matrix using spatial analysis techniques; and fourth, testing the alternative and opinions of the stakeholder groups on imperatives of AHP model to simplify the route optimization decision. The final output of the model is then used to carry out sensitivity analysis, quantify the risk, generate “several what and if scenarios” and test stability of the route optimization decision.

scholarly journals Tracking eye-gaze in smart home systems (SHS): first insights from eye-tracking and self-report measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Cassioli ◽  
Laura Angioletti ◽  
Michela Balconi
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Psychological Traits

AbstractHuman–computer interaction (HCI) is particularly interesting because full-immersive technology may be approached differently by users, depending on the complexity of the interaction, users’ personality traits, and their motivational systems inclination. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between psychological factors and attention towards specific tech-interactions in a smart home system (SHS). The relation between personal psychological traits and eye-tracking metrics is investigated through self-report measures [locus of control (LoC), user experience (UX), behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS)] and a wearable and wireless near-infrared illumination based eye-tracking system applied to an Italian sample (n = 19). Participants were asked to activate and interact with five different tech-interaction areas with different levels of complexity (entrance, kitchen, living room, bathroom, and bedroom) in a smart home system (SHS), while their eye-gaze behavior was recorded. Data showed significant differences between a simpler interaction (entrance) and a more complex one (living room), in terms of number of fixation. Moreover, slower time to first fixation in a multifaceted interaction (bathroom), compared to simpler ones (kitchen and living room) was found. Additionally, in two interaction conditions (living room and bathroom), negative correlations were found between external LoC and fixation count, and between BAS reward responsiveness scores and fixation duration. Findings led to the identification of a two-way process, where both the complexity of the tech-interaction and subjects’ personality traits are important impacting factors on the user’s visual exploration behavior. This research contributes to understand the user responsiveness adding first insights that may help to create more human-centered technology.

Digital competences of the workforce – a research topic?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Murawski ◽  
Markus Bick
Keyword(s):  
Research Topic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Considering working in the digital age, questions on the consequences for the individual workers are, so far, often neglected. The purpose of this paper is to deal with the question of whether the digital competences of the workforce is a research topic. The authors argue for the thesis that it is indeed a research topic. Design/methodology/approach In addition to a literature analysis of the top IS, HR, and learning publications, non-scientific sources, as well as the opinions of the authors, are included. The authors’ thesis is challenged through a debate of corresponding pros and cons. Findings The definition of digital competences lacks scientific depth. Focussing on the workforce is valid, as a “lifelong” perspective is not mandatory for research. Digital competence research is a multidisciplinary task to which the IS field can make a valuable contribution. Research limitations/implications Although relevant references are included, some aspects are mainly driven by the opinions of the authors. The theoretical implications encompass a call for a scientific definition of digital competences. Furthermore, scholars should focus on the competences of the workforce, including occupations, roles, or industries. The authors conclude by providing a first proposal of a research agenda. Practical implications The practical implications include the alignment of multiple stakeholders for the design of “digital” curricula and the integration by HR departments of the construct of digital competences, e.g. for compensation matters and job requirements. Originality/value This paper is one of very few contributions in the area of the digital competences of the workforce, and it presents a starting point for future research activities.

scholarly journals HYPOXIA AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: The presence and role of hypoxia in the endometrium

Reproduction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. F1-F17
Author(s):  
Rocío Martínez-Aguilar ◽  
Lucy E Kershaw ◽  
Jane J Reavey ◽  
Hilary O D Critchley ◽  
Jacqueline A Maybin
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hypoxic Episode ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Review Current

The endometrium is a multicellular tissue that is exquisitely responsive to the ovarian hormones. The local mechanisms of endometrial regulation to ensure optimal function are less well characterised. Transient physiological hypoxia has been proposed as a critical regulator of endometrial function. Herein, we review the literature on hypoxia in the non-pregnant endometrium. We discuss the pros and cons of animal models, human laboratory studies and novel in vivo imaging for the study of endometrial hypoxia. These research tools provide mounting evidence of a transient hypoxic episode in the menstrual endometrium and suggest that endometrial hypoxia may be present at the time of implantation. This local hypoxia may modify the inflammatory environment, influence vascular remodelling and modulate endometrial proliferation to optimise endometrial function. Finally, we review current knowledge of the impact of this hypoxia on endometrial pathologies, with a focus on abnormal uterine bleeding. Throughout the manuscript areas for future research are highlighted with the aim of concentrating research efforts to maximise future benefits for women and society.

Applications of Association Rules in Computer Crime Forensics

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 1281-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Sheng Tan ◽  
Zhan Sheng Qi ◽  
Jing Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Association Rules ◽  
Computer Crime ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Aspect Extraction ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Serious Crime ◽  
The Future

Association rules can mine the relevant evidence of computer crime from the mass of data and association rules among data items, and further mine crime laws, trends and connections among different crimes. It provides police’s case detection and crime prevention with clues and criterions. This paper firstly analyzes the application of FP-Growth algorithms in computer crime forensics, points out the defect of FP-Growth algorithms that can’t timely find the latest crime and the serious crime, and then puts some improvements of the FP-Growth algorithms and tests it by carrying out experiments. Finally, it points out the future research aspect: extraction and correlation of multidimensional evidence.

Relative Importance of Blockchain in Cryptocurrency, Banking & Health Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 6-25
Author(s):  
Hari Priya Ponnakanti ◽  
Bilal Gonen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Large Database ◽  
High Scale ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Pros And Cons

This paper looks at the opportunities and challenges of implementing blockchain technology across medical, finance and banking sectors, and provides a clear view which can enable Blockchain for more extents. After going through few articles and papers related to applications of Blockchain, we gained a vivid knowledge on pros and cons on Blockchain applications from each article. Few drawbacks that we encountered are using Power of Work (POW) in medical sector which is destroying the computing ability at a stage when system is getting bigger and eventually which is wasting lots of resources. One study over conceptual proposal on blockchain is the idea of using trade credit as the value of transactions, and this trade credit is in the scope of trade secret which improves trade confidentiality and makes it more secure. Moreover, centralization systems have few risks owing to their dependence on a high scale which could tamper the data or can even block access, change the rules and might even completely shut down the system. Few more drawbacks are designing and building a secure blockchain system is much more difficult on large-scale of banking sector with large database. To address these challenges, recent developments in blockchain technology are enabling novel opportunities in every possible sector by using Trust-worthy cloud, IoT and artificial intelligence, which makes it more powerful and secure. After analyzing Blockchain implementations and identifying their limitations, we conclude with several promising directions for future research.

Understanding Consumer Behavior Through Eye-Tracking

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-81
Author(s):  
H. Serhat Cerci ◽  
A. Selcuk Koyluoglu
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Tracking Module ◽  
Individual Examination

The purpose of this chapter, which is designed to measure where and how the consumer focuses in an advertising brochure, which visual is more striking, and how much eye strain (twitch) it takes, is to measure the density and visual attention of the eyes through the eye-tracking device during the individual examination. For this study, an experimental laboratory for neuromarketing research was used. After watching the videos and images of the participants in the eye-tracking module, the general evaluations were taken to determine what they remembered, and a comparison opportunity was born. According to the findings, logos, and photographs are more effective than texts. Viewers read large text and skip small text. Suggestions for future research are presented in the chapter.

The Future of Tracking Tourists’ Behaviour and Mobility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Tracking Technology

The field of tracking tourists’ mobility is a rapidly evolving space. In the eighteen months that it has taken to write this book, many innovations, along with world events such as COVID-19 have emerged, which have required updates to be made to this manuscript. There is no reason to believe that these changes will not continue to be necessary, as technological innovations are likely to occur at a rapid pace and will, no doubt, be utilised by those involved in tourism research. The purpose of this chapter is to attempt to investigate the future of the adaptations that are likely to occur with regards to tourist tracking technology and methods. A near-future gaze is taken as technology and world events are evolving so quickly that it is difficult to predict a future beyond the short term. Techniques such as physiological tracking, emergency management, indoor positioning, machine learning and artificial intelligence are assessed along with the future of ethical research conduct. A summary is also made where the pros and cons of each research method is assessed and finally, future research needs are highlighted.

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