scholarly journals First report of Melodogyne fallax hosted by Trifolium repens (white clover): implications for pasture and crop rotations in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Rohan ◽  
L. T. Aalders ◽  
N. L. Bell ◽  
F. A. Shah
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
First Report

THE PERFORMANCE OF S170 TALL FESCUE IN CANTERBURY

1974 ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
B.R. Watkin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Selection Of

AN Aberystwyth selection of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), known as S170, was sown with certified New Zealand white clover (Trifolium repens) and re' clover (T. pratense) and compared under sheep grazing with other grass/clover pastures at the Grasslands Division Regional Station at Lincoln (Watkin, 1975) .

scholarly journals Enhanced drought tolerance in white clover

1993 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
J. Van den Bosch ◽  
I.K. Black ◽  
G.R. Cousins ◽  
D.R. Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Per Se

Drought-stress limits white clover (Trifolium repens L.) persistence in many New Zealand regions. As a component of breeding for enhanced drought tolerance, 8 selection groups (110 lines in total) of white clover were evaluated in the Wairarapa over a 2-year period. The selection groups included Australian white clover ecotypes, selections from New Zealand dryland populations, root morphology selections, pre-release selections from New Zealand breeding programmes, and existing overseas and New Zealand cultivars. The selection groups derived from New Zealand dryland populations had the highest forage yield and plant survival, 21 of the 24 individual lines with >30% plant survival coming from these groups. Groups containing Australian ecotypes and overseas cultivars had the lowest forage yield and plant survival. Selections for root morphology per se were lower yielding and less persistent than selections made from New Zealand dryland populations evaluated in drought-prone environments. However, some improvements in forage yield and persistence were observed through selecting for root morphology after screening the same New Zealand dryland populations in a drought-prone North Canterbury site. Keywords: drought tolerance, plant breeding, root morphology, Trifolium repens

Density of Trifolium repens plants in mixed swards under intensive grazing by sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. M. Hay ◽  
J. L. Brock ◽  
V. J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Grazed Pastures ◽  
Point Density

SUMMARYDensities of physiologically independent plants of white clover were studied in New Zealand in pastures stocked at 22·5 ewes plus lambs/ha by set stocking, rotational grazing or a combination of both systems. Plants were sampled once a month for 1 year (1984/85) by taking turves and washing out the plants. Numbers of growing points and stolon dry weight per plant were obtained. At each sampling fifty, 50 mm diameter pasture plugs were taken from each sward and growing point density and stolon mass/m2 of white clover were measured. The density of white clover plants in the swards was estimated on the basis of both stolon dry weight and number of growing points.The two estimates gave similar results. There was a trend of lowest densities in set-stocked pastures (334/m2), intermediate densities in combination management pastures (431/m2) and highest densities in the rotationally grazed pastures (553/m2). The overall mean density of white clover plants was 439/m2 and the range was 193–811/m2.The structure of swards under the three systems of grazing differed and this was considered to contribute towards the variation in density of white clover plants in the various swards.

Effectiveness of recurrent selection of white clover (Trifolium repens) for resistance to New Zealand populations of clover cyst nematode (Heterodera trifolii)

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris F. Mercer ◽  
John Van Den Bosch ◽  
Kylie J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Nematode Development ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Selections of white clover resistant or susceptible to Heterodera trifolii in earlier rounds of a recurrent selection programme were intercrossed and selected in three further rounds of selection. Resistance and susceptibility were measured by comparisons of cysts per gram of root dry weight (cpg). In the third, fourth, and fifth rounds of recurrent selection, the mean cpg of progenies from resistant parents was 23% (n = 974), 6% (n = 870) and 11% (n = 98) of that of progenies from susceptible parents. In each selection round, the resistant selections had 31, 4 and 7% of the number of cysts on susceptible selections. The percentages of immune plants (i.e. with 0 cysts) in the resistant groups were 1, 39, and 50% after the third, fourth, and fifth rounds of recurrent selection, respectively. Inoculum from 16 populations of H. trifolii from around New Zealand was added to two resistant and two susceptible white clover lines. After one generation of nematode development there were fewer cysts on the resistant lines for each population tested. Two resistant and two susceptible lines were compared in a glasshouse trial for their reaction to parasitism by H. trifolii . Infection reduced the shoot weight of all four lines but resistant lines grew better than either one or both susceptible lines at 109, 126, and 160 days after inoculation. In contrast, the uninfected lines did not differ in shoot weight over five samplings. More cysts were recovered from susceptible lines (means of 370 and 430 cysts per plant) than from resistant lines (means of 41 and 56 cysts per plant). Results indicate that development of a white clover cultivar resistant to H. trifolii is achievable and that the resistance will be effective against the nematode in most of New Zealand. The growth study indicated that advantages will be conferred in pastures where the presence of H. trifolii causes major limitations to white clover growth and persistence. Zusammenfassung- Die Wirksamkeit einer mehrfach wiederholten Selektion von Weissklee (Trifolium repens) auf Resistenz gegen das Kleezystenalchen (Heterodera trifolii)- In einem fruheren Selektionsprogramm gegen Heterodera trifolii resistente oder anfallige Weisskleeselektionen wurden gekreuzt und in weiteren Selektionsrunden selektiert. Resistenz und Anfalligkeit wurden durch Vergleich der Anzahl der Zysten je Gramm Wurzeltrockengewicht (cpg) bestimmt. In der dritten, vierten und funften Runde der Wiederholungsselektion betrugen die cpg-Werte bei Nachkommen von resistenten Eltern 23% (n = 974), 6% (n = 870) und 11% (n = 98) der Werte bei Nachkommen anfalliger Eltern. In jeder der Selektionsrunden hatten die resistenten Selektionen nur 31, 4 und 7% der Zystenzahlen an den anfalligen Selektionen. Nach der dritten, vierten bzw. funften Selektionsrunde betrugen die Anteile immuner Pflanzen (d.h. mit 0 Zysten) 1, 39 bzw. 50%. Das Inoculum von 16 Populationen aus ganz Neuseeland wurde an zwei resistente und zwei anfallige Weisskleelinien gegeben. Nach einer Generation der Nematodenentwicklung waren an den resistenten Linien bei jeder der untersuchten Populationen weniger Zysten. Die Reaktion von zwei resistenten und zwei anfalligen Linien auf einen Befall mit H. trifolii wurde in einem Gewachshausversuch gepruft. Der Befall verringerte das Sprossgewicht aller vier Linien, doch wuchsen die resistenten Linien nach 109, 126 und 160 Tagen besser als die beiden anfalligen Linien. Im Gegensatz dazu unterschieden sich die Linien bei Nichtbefall bei funf Probenahmen im Sprossgewicht nicht voneinander. An den anfalligen Pflanzen wurden mehr Zysten gefunden (im Mittel 370 und 430 je Pflanze) als an den resistenten Pflanzen (im Mittel 41 und 56 je Pflanze). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Entwicklung einer gegen H. trifolii resistenten Weisskleesorte erreichbar ist, und dass diese Resistenz gegen die Nematoden im grossten Teil Neuseelands wirksam sein wird. Die Wachstumsuntersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die Vorteile besonders auf solchen Weideflachen deutlich werden, wo die Anwesenheit von H. trifolii erhebliche Einschrankungen des Wachstums und des Uberdauerns von Weissklee verursacht.

Viability of axillary buds of white clover (Trifolium repens) in grazed pasture

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. D. Newton ◽  
M. J. M. Hay ◽  
V. J. Thomas ◽  
H. B. Dick
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Grazed Pastures ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Pattern Of Variation

SUMMARYStolon nodes of white clover were sampled monthly for 18 months from continuously grazed (set stocked) and rotationally grazed pastures in New Zealand. Both pastures were stocked at 22·5 ewes plus lambs/ha. Axillary buds were classified into viability categories using an incubation technique. On average, 54% of nodes had non-viable or dormant buds, 25% had axillary buds that were viable but non-active and 0·1% bore reproductive buds. Although 21% of buds emerged, only 8·5% of nodes bore live branches. Bud activity was strongly inhibited during the spring period of both years and this inhibition could not be removed by incubation.The greatest bud viability occurred at node 4 (from the apex) although 30–40% of the buds at this position were non-viable. This pattern of variation changed somewhat with season. Some viable buds were present at nodes more than 20 from the apex but these were of low vigour. Secondary stolons had different patterns of bud activity from those of primary stolons until they comprised more than 16 nodes.

Meloidogyne naasi. [Distribution map].

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Meloidogyne naasi Franklin. Nematoda: Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae. Hosts: barley (Hordeum sp.), white clover (Trifolium repens), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and turfgrasses. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Serbia, UK, England and Wales), Asia (Iran), Africa (Libya), North America (Canada, Quebec, USA, California, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Oregon), South America (Argentina, Chile), Oceania (New Zealand).

WHITE CLOVER OPTIONS FOR SHEEPFARMING IN SOUTHERN REGIONS OF NEW ZEALAND

1989 ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
D.L. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Rotational Grazing

Four white clover cultivars 'Grasslands tluia', 'Grasslands Tahora', 'Grasslands Kopu' and 'Grasslands Pit& were evaluated at Grasslands Division, Gore, for 4 years, under 2 grazing managements. Year round rotational grazing was compared with rotational grazing incorporating a 1 P-week period of set stocking during spring. Huia was the best cultivar under both grazing managements. Tahora yields were comparable with those of Huia in spring and summer, and ryegrass yields were best in Tahora wards. The larger leaved and less stoloniferous Kopu and Pitau were not suited to the climatic conditions or the mtensive sheep grazing practices of the region. Keywords: Trifolium repens, Huia, Tahora, Pitau. KOPU, grazing management, stolon morphology, persistence, sheepfarming

BREEDING A WHITE CLOVER ADAPTED TO SOUTHERN LOWLAND REGIONS OF NEW ZEALAND

1985 ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

White clover populations from Europe and New Zealand together with ecotypes collected from old pastures in Southland-Otago were evaluated as spaced plants at Gore. Plants were screened for herbage production and morphological and flowering characteristics. The Southland ecotypes and North Island hill country material are adapted to active growth in spring and summer. Their dense growth habit ensures continued production of branched stolons from nodal meristems which is necessary for high clover yield and persistence under intensive sheep grazing. In this region flowering characteristics are unimportant in relation to agronomic performance. Some largerleaved Huia and French lines have high-yielding features which are evident during autumn under lenient grazing. Hybrids between superior plants showing adaptive and high yie!ding features are being screened in order to select new types with the desired characteristics. Keywords: White clover, Trifolium repens L., plant breeding, southern region, ecotypes, growth, morphology.

Genotypic evaluation of introduced white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Z. Jahufer ◽  
J. L. Ford ◽  
D. R. W. Woodfield ◽  
B. A. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Optimal evaluation and use of introduced germplasm for species improvement is an ongoing challenge. Research was conducted to survey a select set of introduced white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm from broad geographic origins to assess their genetic potential, based on F1 crosses to elite New Zealand cultivars. The bulk progeny generated from test crosses to Grasslands cultivars Demand, Sustain and Kopu II were evaluated at Palmerston North under rotational grazing by sheep. The replicated trial consisted of the 26 germplasm accessions, three cultivars used as maternal parents, and 78 F1 bulk progeny breeding lines. Three morphological traits and estimated seasonal dry matter yield were measured over four years. Significant (P < 0.05) genotypic variation was observed for all these traits among the parents and F1 progeny lines. F1 progeny lines with traits values greater than the cultivars were identified. Significant (P < 0.05) genotype-by-season (σ2gs) and genotype-by-year (σ2gy) interactions were estimated for dry matter yield. Principle component analysis of the F1 progeny-by-trait BLUP matrix identified 16 elite progeny lines with mean seasonal dry matter yield equal to or higher than the cultivars. Half of the lines had Demand as the cultivar parent, while only three had Kopu II as a parent. Fourteen of these progeny lines were derived from crosses to Australasian adapted germplasm. This study indicated that choice of adapted cultivar with which to cross is important, and introduced germplasm from Australasia is a valuable source of adaptive variation in these F1 progeny. More complex approaches may be needed to identify and use adaptive allelic variation from germplasm sources beyond Australasia.

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