Molecular epidemiological survey of canine parvovirus in domestic dogs in four provinces, China

Domestic dogs are common amongst communities in sub-Saharan Africa and may serve as important reservoirs for infectious agents that may cause diseases in wildlife. Two agents of concern are canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper virus (CDV), which may infect and cause disease in large carnivore species such as African wild dogs and African lions, respectively. The impact of domestic dogs and their diseases on wildlife conservation is increasing in Zimbabwe, necessitating thorough assessment and implementation of control measures. In this study, domestic dogs in north-western Zimbabwe were evaluated for antibodies to CDV, CPV, and canine adenovirus (CAV). These dogs were communal and had no vaccination history. Two hundred and twenty-five blood samples were collected and tested using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to CPV, CDV, and CAV. Of these dogs, 75 (34%) had detectable antibodies to CDV, whilst 191 (84%) had antibodies to CPV. Antibodies to canine adenovirus were present in 28 (13%) dogs. Canine parvovirus had high prevalence in all six geographic areas tested. These results indicate that CPV is circulating widely amongst domestic dogs in the region. In addition, CDV is present at high levels. Both pathogens can infect wildlife species. Efforts for conservation of large carnivores in Zimbabwe must address the role of domestic dogs in disease transmission.

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First epidemiological survey of Angiostrongylus vasorum in domestic dogs from Spain

10.21203/rs.2.19168/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elena Carretón ◽

Rodrigo Morchón ◽

Yaiza Falcón-Cordón ◽

Jorge Matos ◽

Noemí Costa-Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽

Wild Animals ◽

The North ◽

Western Area ◽

Prophylactic Measures ◽

Gastropod Mollusks ◽

Circulating Antigens

Abstract Background: Angiostrongylus vasorum is the causative agent of canine angiostrongylosis, a disease that mainly affects domestic dogs and others wild carnivores. In Europe, the number of infected animals is increasing, being mainly located in central and southern countries. In Spain, several studies have reported high prevalences of A. vasorum in wild animals. However, there are no studies that address the current situation and distribution of the disease in domestic dogs in the country. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of A. vasorum in different areas of Spain. Methods: Between November 2018 and October 2019, blood was sampled from a total of 2024 domestic dogs from 6 eco-epidemiological zones of Spain with climates that favour the presence of competent gastropod mollusks, and tested for the presence of A. vasorum circulating antigens using Angio Detect TM . All included dogs lived outdoors or had regular access to areas with vegetation. Results: The prevalence of canine angiostrongylosis in the studied areas of Spain was 1.73%. No differences were found between males and females. By age, significant higher prevalances were found in dogs younger than 4 years. By eco-epidemiological areas, the highest prevalences were obtained in the north (2.74%) and northwest (1.86%) of Spain, and the lowest was described in the western area (0.93%). Conclusions: The prevalence obtained can be considered high and demonstrates the presence of canine angiostrongylosis in Spain, in those areas where infected wild animals have been described and where climatic conditions are favourable for the establishment of the disease. Prophylactic measures should be prescribed for dogs at risk of infection and veterinarians should be aware of the importance of this disease.

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Predominance of canine parvovirus 2b in Japan: An epidemiological study during 2014-2019.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-424846/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tomomi Takano ◽

Shun Hamaguchi ◽

Nobuhisa Hasegawa ◽

Tomoyoshi Doki ◽

Takehisa Soma

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Study ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Wild Canids ◽

Common Infection

Abstract Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is an important pathogen of domestic dogs and wild canids. In Japan, CPV-2 infection remains one of the most common infection diseases among dogs. We analyzed samples collected between 2014 and 2019 to determine the antigenic variants of CPV-2 among dogs in Japan. Our results demonstrated that the CPV-2b variant was predominant. The CPV-2c variant was not found among our samples. Our findings demonstrate that the distribution of CPV-2 antigenic variants in Japan was more similar to the distribution in Australia compared with that of neighboring countries in Asia.

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SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE OF CANINE PARVOVIRUS IN DOMESTIC DOGS, WILD CARNIVORES, AND MARSUPIALS IN THE ARGENTINEAN CHACO

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine ◽

10.1638/2013-0230r1.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 555-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

María Marcela Orozco ◽

Luciano Miccio ◽

Gustavo Fabián Enriquez ◽

Fabián Eduardo Iribarren ◽

Ricardo Esteban Gürtler

Keyword(s):

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Wild Carnivores ◽

Serologic Evidence

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Genetic characterization of canine parvovirus type 2c from domestic dogs in Korea

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases ◽

10.1111/tbed.13501 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 1645-1653

Author(s):

Bo‐Youn Moon ◽

Jiung Jang ◽

Seong‐Hee Kim ◽

Yeon‐Hee Kim ◽

Hyun‐kyoung Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Characterization ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Domestic Dogs

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Sequence analysis of VP2 gene of canine parvovirus isolated from domestic dogs in Japan in 1999 and 2000

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.cimid.2006.05.001 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 199-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M DOKI ◽

K FUJITA ◽

R MIURA ◽

M YONEDA ◽

Y ISHIKAWA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Vp2 Gene

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Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Canine Parvovirus Circulating in China from 2014 to 2019

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10050588 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 588

Author(s):

Bixia Chen ◽

Xiaohui Zhang ◽

Jie Zhu ◽

Lijing Liao ◽

Endong Bao

Keyword(s):

Small Sample Size ◽

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Small Sample ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Protein Sequence Analysis ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Vp2 Gene ◽

Feline Panleukopenia Virus ◽

Vp2 Protein ◽

Close Relationship

The global distribution of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) derived from a closely related carnivore parvovirus poses a considerable threat to the dog population. The virus is continuously undergoing genetic evolution, giving rise to several variants. To investigate the prevalence of Chinese CPV-2 strains in recent years, a total of 30 CPV-2 strains were collected from 2018 to 2021 and the VP2 gene was sequenced and analyzed. Two variants, new CPV-2a (297Ala, 426Asn) and CPV-2c (426Glu), were identified. In contrast to previous reports, the CPV-2c variant has gained an epidemiological advantage over the new CPV-2a variant in China. To compensate for the relatively small sample size, 683 Chinese CPV-2 strains identified between 2014 and 2019 were retrieved from the GenBank database and previous publications, and analyses of these strains further supported our findings, which should be considered since the CPV-2c variant has been frequently associated with immune failure in adult dogs. VP2 protein sequence analysis revealed several amino acid substitutions, including Ala5Gly, Pro13Ser, Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile, Gln370Arg, Thr440Ala, and Lys570Arg. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length VP2 gene indicated a close relationship between Chinese strains and other Asian strains, suggesting mutual transmission between Asian countries. Furthermore, intercontinental transmission is a cause for concern. Surprisingly, two feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) strains with the Ile101Thr mutation in the VP2 protein were identified in canine fecal samples; FPV has been considered incapable of infecting dogs. This study clarified the epidemic characteristics of Chinese CPV-2 strains detected between 2014 and 2019, offering a reference for epidemic control. In addition, the detection of FPV in canine samples may provide information for future studies on the evolution of carnivore parvoviruses.

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Seroprevalence of viral and vector-borne bacterial pathogens in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in northern Botswana

10.1101/711010 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Riley E. Thompson ◽

Hayley Adams ◽

Agricola Odoi ◽

Melissa A. Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Canine Distemper Virus ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Canis Familiaris ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Tick Control ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Okavango Delta ◽

Canine Distemper ◽

Vector Borne

AbstractBackgroundDomestic dogs (Canis familiaris) have the potential to act as disease reservoirs for wildlife and are important sentinels for common circulating pathogens. Therefore, the infectious disease seroprevalence among domestic dogs in northern Botswana may be indicative of pathogen exposure of various wildlife species. The objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of Ehrlichia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma spp., Dirofilaria immitis, canine adenovirus, canine parvovirus, and canine distemper virus in domestic dogs as proxies of disease prevalence in the local wildlife in the Okavango Delta region of Botswana. Statistical analysis assessed crude and factor-specific seroprevalence proportions and assessed the factors age, sex, and geographical location as predictors of seropositivity. Logistic regression was used to identify adjusted predictors of seropositivity for each of the pathogens of interest.ResultsSamples from 233 dogs in a total of 7 locations in Maun, Botswana, and surrounding villages were collected and serologically analyzed. No dogs were seropositive for B. burgdorferi, while low seroprevalence proportions were observed for Anaplasma spp. (2.2%) and D. immitis (0.9%). Higher seroprevalence proportions were observed for the tick-borne pathogen, Ehrlichia spp. (21.0%), and 19.7% were seropositive for canine adenovirus (hepatitis). The highest seroprevalence proportions were for canine parvovirus (70.0%) and canine distemper virus (44.8%). The predictors of seropositivity revealed that adults were more likely to be seropositive for canine adenovirus, canine distemper virus, and canine parvovirus than juveniles, and location was a risk factor for canine adenovirus, canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, and Ehrlichia spp.ConclusionsResults indicate that increasing tick control and vaccination campaigns for domestic dogs may improve the health of domestic animals, and potentially wildlife and humans in the Okavango Delta since viral and vector-borne bacterial pathogens can be transmitted between them.

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