Genetic relationships between terminal shoot length, number of flushes and height in a 4-year-old progeny test of Pinus brutia Ten.

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Alan ◽  
Fikret Isik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Pinus Brutia ◽  
Terminal Shoot

Crown architecture of Larix laricina saplings: an analysis of higher order branching

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Remphrey ◽  
G. R. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Short Shoot ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Architectural Patterns ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Short Shoots ◽  
Terminal Shoot

Quantitative analysis and simulation modelling of Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch branches revealed a complex system of architectural patterns and correlations. Numbers of lateral buds and long shoots were positively correlated with parent-shoot length, but the relationships varied among shoot orders and for sylleptic shoots. For order 2 and sylleptic shoots, numbers of lateral long shoots were also correlated with associated terminal-shoot lengths. Sylleptic shoots produced more lateral long shoots than equivalent proleptic shoots. Lateral long-shoot lengths decreased basipetally and were correlated with terminal-shoot lengths. Lengths of order 2 lateral long shoots also varied independently with crown position. Generally, the degree of apical control decreased and the proportion of short shoots increased with positions of less vigour in the crown. Terminal long-shoot lengths varied with parent-shoot length, location, and to some extent parent-axis leader length. Terminal short-shoot production was associated with shorter parent shoots. Shorter order 2 shoots (<60 mm) and most order 3 shoots produced no lateral long shoots. The net result was that branch structural development ceased in less vigorous crown positions. The spatial disposition of shoots, as defined by elevation and divergence angles, varied with position of origin around and along parent shoots. Although variable, elevation angles decreased and divergence angles increased basipetally.

scholarly journals Prediction of Bitter Pit in ‘Honeycrisp’ Apples and Best Management Implications

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1368-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Auxt Baugher ◽  
Richard Marini ◽  
James R. Schupp ◽  
Christopher B. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Management Implications ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
Honeycrisp Apples ◽  
Terminal Shoot

During a 3-year study of bitter pit in commercial ‘Honeycrisp’ apple (Malus ×domestica) orchards, incidence was associated with low calcium (Ca) levels in fruit peel; high ratios of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and/or magnesium (Mg) to Ca in fruit peel; excessive terminal shoot length; and low crop load. Peel N and Mg concentrations were negatively correlated and peel Ca concentration positively correlated with crop density (CD). Shoot length (SL) was not consistently correlated with peel N, Mg, or phosphorus (P) and was negatively correlated with only Ca. A two-variable model that included SL and the ratio of N to Ca explained more than 65% of bitter pit incidence. The model has implications for best management of the cultivar in the field and during storage.

Variation in shoot growth components among western larch families

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1520-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Wei Zhang ◽  
Lauren Fins
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Free Growth ◽  
Terminal Shoot ◽  
Highly Correlated

Shoot growth components, including predetermined growth, free growth, number of stem units, and mean stem unit length, were evaluated over two growing seasons (8th and 9th) for their contribution to variation in lateral shoot length of 14 families of western larch (Larixoccidentalis Nutt.). All families produced some free growth stem units in both years, averaging 21 and 20% of the total number of stem units in years 8 and 9, respectively. Significant variation was detected among families in total number of stem units and predetermined growth stem units in both years, in mean stem unit length and terminal shoot length at age 8, and in lateral shoot length and tree height at age 9. Lateral shoot length and terminal shoot length were highly correlated with each other, as well as with the total number of stem units and predetermined growth stem units in the lateral shoot. Free growth stem units in the lateral shoot at ages 8 and 9 were not significantly correlated with 8- and 9-year terminal shoot growth or height at age 9. However, the total number of stem units in lateral shoots was well correlated with 8- and 9-year terminal shoot length and with 9-year height. The implications of these results for early selection for increased height growth are discussed.

scholarly journals Growth Responses from One-year-old Apple Branches to Heading as a Factor Governing Terminal Shoot Length in Cultivars with Different Branching Habits

2003 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Kikuchi ◽  
Yunosuke Shiozaki ◽  
Toshiyuki Adachi ◽  
Fernando Setsuo Yassunaka ◽  
Yasutomo Otake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Terminal Shoot ◽  
One Year ◽  
Factor Governing

scholarly journals Verification and Modification of a Model to Predict Bitter Pit for ‘Honeycrisp’ Apples

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1882-1887
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Tara Auxt Baugher ◽  
Megan Muehlbauer ◽  
Sherif Sherif ◽  
Robert Crassweller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
Honeycrisp Apples ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Terminal Shoot

‘Honeycrisp’ (Malus ×domestica) apples were harvested from a total of 17 mid-Atlantic orchards during 2018 and 2019 to verify a previously published bitter pit prediction model. As in the previous study, bitter pit incidence was associated with low calcium (Ca) levels and high ratios of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and/or magnesium (Mg) to Ca in the fruit peel and excessive terminal shoot growth. The best two-variable model for predicting bitter pit developed with the 2018–19 data set contained boron (B) and the ratio of Mg to Ca (R2 = 0.83), which is different from previous models developed with data from three individual years (2015–17). When used to predict the bitter pit incidence of the 2018–19 data, our previous best model containing the average shoot length (SL) and the ratio of N to Ca underestimated the incidence of bitter pit. The model is probably biased because one or more important variables related to bitter pit have not yet been identified. However, the model is accurate enough to identify orchards with a low incidence of bitter pit.

scholarly journals Chilling of Endodormant Peach Propagules: IV. Terminal Shoot Growth of Cuttings, Including Gibberellic Acid Treatments

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Frisby ◽  
Schuyler D. Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Important Chemical ◽  
Chilling Sensitivity ◽  
Terminal Shoot ◽  
Acid Treatments

Cuttings from peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batch cv. Johnson Elberta) trees were subjected to five chilling durations (20 to 76 days) at seven temperatures (0 to 14C) and five concentrations of gibberellic acid [GA, (0.0 to 1 mm)]. There was a significant increase in terminal shoot length with longer chilling treatments. Cuttings treated at 2 to SC had the longest shoots, and shoot length decreased, in order, following treatment at 10, 0, and 14C. Treatment with the highest concentration of GA, resulted in the longest terminal shoots. Interactions between GA and chilling durations indicated that either higher concentrations of GA, or longer chilling treatments increased terminal shoot growth. Thus, endogenous promoters, like GA, are evidently produced or released during chilling. Sensitivity to GA, was also important. Chemical name used: Gibberellic acid (GA3).

scholarly journals Root Pruning and Trunk Scoring Have Limited Effect on Young Bearing Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 981-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Practical Advantage ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Terminal Shoot

To control excessive growth, vigorous `Smoothee Golden Delicious', `Jonagold', `Empire', and `Gala' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars on Malling 7A (M.7A) rootstock planted at close in-row spacing (2.5 or 1.8 m) were mechanically root-pruned (RP), trunk-scored (TS; ringing), or both, annually for 3 to 5 years beginning in the fourth leaf. Trees were grown in a deep, well-drained, fertile soil and supplied with trickle irrigation. RP reduced terminal shoot length in 2 of 5 years on `Smoothee Golden Delicious'; trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) was not affected by RP. TS reduced terminal length in 3 years and TCSA in each of 5 years of treatment on `Smoothee Golden Delicious'. Bloom density was not affected by RP on `Smoothee Golden Delicious' but was increased by TS in two of the three years measured. RP reduced terminal shoot length in `Gala', `Empire', and `Jonagold' in most years and TCSA in 1993 for all cultivars. TS had no effect on shoot length or TCSA in these three cultivars. Effects of RP and TS on yield and fruit size varied with year and cultivar. In general, the effects of RP and TS were inconsistent and often failed to reduce shoot growth or canopy spread. No practical advantage was recognized from these techniques for young apple trees growing on a fertile site with trickle irrigation.

Salinity Tolerance of Black Gram Cultivars During Germination and Early Seedling Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Hasan ◽  
M.S. Islam ◽  
M.R. Islam ◽  
H.N. Ismaan ◽  
A. El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Black Gram

Abstract A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.

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