Development of Cotton-Based Compression Stockings for Class II Compression Requirements

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Nergis ◽  
Cevza Candan ◽  
Sena Cimilli Duru ◽  
Bilge Koyuncu
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Compression Stockings

Calculating the Pressure and the Stiffness in Three Different Categories of Class II Medical Elastic Compression Stockings

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARIN VAN DER WEGEN-FRANKEN ◽  
WIM ROEST ◽  
BHUPENDRA TANK ◽  
MARTINO NEUMANN
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Elastic Compression

Compression treatment of pelvic congestion syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Gavrilov ◽  
AV Karalkin ◽  
OO Turischeva
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Pelvic Congestion Syndrome ◽  
Compression Treatment ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Pelvic Congestion

Aim To study the influence of compression treatment on clinical manifestations and venous hemodynamics of the pelvis in patients with pelvic congestion syndrome. Materials and methods A prospective study of the various options and modes of compression treatment was carried out and included 74 patients with pelvic congestion syndrome in 2008–2015. The patients were divided into three groups. The first group consisted of 48 patients with symptoms of pelvic congestion syndrome and chronic pelvic pain. They used Class II compression shorts. In the second group, there were 14 patients with pelvic congestion syndrome, vulvar varicosities without pelvic pain. They used Class II compression shorts and stockings. In the third group, 12 women with pelvic congestion syndrome and chronic pelvic pain used only the Class II compression stockings. The treatment continued for 14 days. A clinical criterion was the change of severity of chronic pelvic pain. The evaluation of the treatments has been performed using radionuclide venography and emission computed tomography with labeled in vivo red blood cells. Results Group 1: The compression shorts had a positive effect on the disease in 81.3% of patients. Chronic pelvic pain decreased from 6.4 ± 1.6 to 1.2 ± 0.7 points. The coefficient of pelvic congestion syndrome (Cpcs) decreased from 1.73 ± 0.32 to 1.12 ± 0.27 (p < 0.05). In 18.8% of patients, no positive effect was observed. Group 2: The results of radionuclide venographyshowed accelerating outflow of blood from the lower limbs and reduction of insufficiency of perforating veins. Mean radionuclide transit time decreased in all patients in the tendon, muscle pump parts, popliteal vein and was respectively: 23.6 ± 2.2 s, 29.6 ± 3.4 s, 32.3 ± 4.2 s and after treatment 16.4 ± 3.1 s, 22.1 ± 2.5 s, 25.7 ± 1.9 s (p < 0.05). Group 3: The use of compression stockings class II on the clinical manifestations of pelvic congestion syndrome in the patients. Cpcs also remained unchanged. Conclusion Research has shown the efficiency of class II compression shorts in the treatment of patients with isolated extension of intrapelvic venous plexuses. Class II compression stockings do not have any impact on the clinical manifestations of pelvic congestion syndrome.

Graduated Compression Treatment in Patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A Study Comparing Low and Medium Grade Compression Stockings

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jungbeck ◽  
I. Thulin ◽  
C. Darenheim ◽  
L. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Class I ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Compression Treatment

Objective: Patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) benefit subjectively from treatment with graduated compression stockings. Usually, class II compression is used in patients with CVI grade II. The present study investigates possible differences between graduated compression of classes I and II. Design: Randomized study. Setting: Department of Vascular Surgery and Vascular Laboratory, University Hospital, Lund. Patients and Methods: Thirty-one patients, nine male and 22 female (59 legs), all with grade II CVI. Foot volumetry and a visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to assess symptoms. Patients were randomized to either class I or class II graduated compression, and the examinations were repeated after 8 weeks of treatment. Results: The VAS assessment showed that all patients benefited to the same extent and there were no differences between the two compression classes. An increase of the expelled volume with compression was recorded, to a significant degree with class I compression. Reflux values were not significantly influenced by either grade of compression. Conclusion: Class I graduated compression did not show any difference in subjective effect or objective parameters compared with Class II. Class I compression can be recommended instead of class II compression, especially in patients who find that the higher pressure on the leg causes discomfort.

Calculating the Pressure and the Stiffness in Three Different Categories of Class II Medical Elastic Compression Stockings

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARIN WEGEN-FRANKEN ◽  
WIM ROEST ◽  
BHUPENDRA TANK ◽  
MARTINO NEUMANN
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Elastic Compression

Clinical value of interwoven silver fibres in class II compression stockings: results from a crossover trial

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
E Singer ◽  
C Thalhammer ◽  
S Degischer ◽  
M Aschwanden ◽  
K-H Labs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Capillary Perfusion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Leg Position

Objective: The aim of the study was to show whether silver fibres interwoven into regular compression stockings will enhance the nutritive capillary perfusion in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) patients. Methods: Double-blind, randomized crossover trial with two 10-day treatment phases and an intermediate three-day wash-out in 20 CVI patients (7 males, 13 females, median age: 65 years), comparing regular and silver fibres containing class II compression stockings. Primary endpoint: tcpO2 measurement at 44°C probe temperature in the peri-malleolar region of the reference leg. Results: In the overall study population, the 'end-of-treatment-phase' minus 'start-of-treatment-phase' tcpO2 – differences were negative for the regular hosiery (median [MAD]: -6.75 [8.5] mmHg, supine leg position; -7.25 [5.75] mmHg, dependent leg position), but positive for the silver fibre containing fabric (median [MAD]: 4.0 [7.75] and 2.5 [8.5] mmHg for the supine and the dependent leg position). The intergroup differences in the overall data were not statistically significant. Analysis of a core data-set, excluding data points above the 90% and below the 10% percentile, approached ( P = 0.052, supine) or reached statistical significance ( P = 0.023, dependent leg position). Conclusions: The study provides first evidence that using interwoven silver fibres in class II compression stockings results in clinical benefit for CVI patients.

Effect of Posture on the Pressure Exerted by Below-Knee Class II Compression Stockings on Normal Subjects

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aryal ◽  
S. R. Dodds ◽  
R. Chukwulobelu
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Medial Malleolus ◽  
Interface Pressure ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Exact Amount

Background: Below-knee elastic compression stockings are widely used for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. The exact amount of pressure exerted by these stockings on different parts of leg and in different postures remains controversial. Objective: To examine the pressure exerted by correctly fitted class II below knee compression stockings at different levels and postures in normal subjects. Methods: Seven healthy human volunteers (mean age 38 years) were fitted with CEN class II below-knee compression stockings. Interface pressure measurements were recorded at 4 cm intervals from the malleolus to the top of the stocking on the medial and lateral aspects of the leg in supine, sitting and standing postures. Results: The interface pressure at 4 cm and 32 cm above the medial malleolus was not significantly different from the recommended values for class II socks and did not change significantly with posture. In the supine position the pressure at the mid-calf (12 cm) was greater than at the ankle (p < 0.05), creating a reverse pressure gradient, which increased further on standing (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The pressure profile under correctly fitted class II socks varies with posture due to the change in shape of the leg. The resulting profile deviates from the theoretical ideal of a graduated pressure gradient that adapts with posture. The clinical significance of this effect is not known.

Two layers of graduated compression stockings can reduce healthy saphenous vein diameters in the standing position

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 559-565
Author(s):  
Anes Yang ◽  
Bahar Yasaman ◽  
Yana Parsi ◽  
Mina Kang ◽  
David Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prone Position ◽  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Saphenous Veins ◽  
Graduated Compression Stockings

Background Previous studies reported graduated compression stockings can reduce the calibre of deep veins in the standing subjects. However, the literature has been inconclusive on the effect of graduated compression stockings on superficial veins in standing subjects. Objectives To assess the effect of two layers of graduated compression stockings on the diameter of saphenous veins in healthy subjects. Materials and methods In 17 legs of nine healthy subjects, we studied the effect of single layering and double layering of graduated compression stockings (23–32 mmHg, Thigh High Belted Sigvaris, Switzerland) on the diameter of the great saphenous vein mid-thigh, great saphenous vein mid-calf and small saphenous vein mid-calf. The measurements were taken using duplex ultrasound (Toshiba Aplio XG 500, 18-7 MHz transducer), through the fabric using a generous amount of ultrasound gel, on subjects both supine or prone and standing. Results Two layers of Class II graduated compression stockings reduced the calibre of great saphenous vein mid-thigh from (4.1 mm to 3.3 mm, p < 0.05), great saphenous vein mid-calf (2.8 mm to 2.2 mm, p < 0.01) and small saphenous vein (2.7 mm to 1.9 mm, p < 0.01) in the standing position. In the supine or prone position, great saphenous vein showed narrowing but there was no measurable change in the calibre of the small saphenous vein. The degree of narrowing was measurable, but insufficient to approximate the vein walls. Conclusion Superimposition of two Class II graduated compression stockings reduced the calibre of the saphenous veins in the standing position but did not approximate the vein walls. In the supine or prone position, the addition of a second layer of graduated compression stockings did not result in further narrowing of the saphenous veins.

Einfluß verschiedener Kompressionstherapien auf den Reflux in den tiefen Venen beim postthrombotischen Syndrom

VASA ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evers ◽  
Wuppermann
Keyword(s):  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Duplex Sonography ◽  
Popliteal Vein ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Post Thrombotic Syndrome ◽  
Group A ◽  
Calf Compression ◽  
Group B

Background: Reflux in deep veins is an important pathophysiological factor of post-thrombotic syndrome which can be demonstrated by colour-coded duplexsonography. This study investigates the effect of different compression therapies on the reflux velocity in deep veins in patients with a post-thrombotic syndrome. Patients and methods: Sixty patients with a post-thrombotic syndrome – confirmed by phlebography, in the deep veins of the calf and the thigh were investigated in two groups: In group A, 30 patients (mean age 58 ± 10 years) received compression stockings (calf compression class II and III, thigh compression class II) and in group B 30 patients (mean age 58 ± 14 years) received a Sigg short traction bandage of the calf. The velocity at the time of the greatest reflux in the popliteal vein was determined as reflux parameter with the colour-coded duplex sonography using a cuff applied at the calf. All patients stood upright and were measured with and without different kinds of compression therapies. The reflux velocities were graded as low, moderate and high. Results: A significant decrease of the reflux velocity by about more than 45% with compression therapy was found in both groups. The decrease of the refluxes in group A (mean 47.9%) did not differ significantly from the decrease of refluxes in group B (mean 55.8%). The greatest decrease of the reflux velocity under compression therapy was found in high-grade refluxes in both groups. Conclusion: A significant decrease of the reflux velocity in post-thrombotic syndrome can be readily demonstrated with different kinds of compression stockings as well as with bandages by means of colour-coded duplex sonography.

The post-thrombotic syndrome and compression therapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK van der Velden ◽  
HAM Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Elastic Compression ◽  
High Stiffness ◽  
Post Thrombotic Syndrome

Compression therapy is still the cornerstone in the treatment of PTS. The therapy is primarily focused on the decrease of the AVP, enhancement of the microcirculation and reduction of the edema. In our practice, most patients are initially treated with short stretch bandage to reduce the edema. Medical Elastic Compression Stockings (MECS) class II (CEN 23–32 mm Hg)or class III (CEN 34–46 mm Hg) with a high stiffness index are prescribed after the edema is disappeared. The prescription will be for a lifelong usage of stockings. Correction of saphenous reflux, deobstructing and stenting might be considered in certain patients with PTS.

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