scholarly journals The elephant at the dump: how does garbage consumption impact Asian elephants?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulmini J. Liyanage ◽  
Prithiviraj Fernando ◽  
P. Nihal Dayawansa ◽  
H. K. Janaka ◽  
Jennifer Pastorini
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Asian Elephants ◽  
Garbage Dump ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Sexual Bias ◽  
Prepared Food ◽  
Dung Analysis

AbstractWe studied garbage consumption by Asian elephants at the Uddakandara garbage dump in southern Sri Lanka. Garbage at the dump was classified under six categories and quantified using a grid overlay. Elephants visiting the dump were individually identified by morphological criteria and items and quantities consumed by them were determined by focal animal sampling. Dung of elephants that did not consume garbage and those from the dump were compared quantitatively and dung constituents assessed by washing through three layered sieves. A total of 17 individual elephants visited the garbage dump during the study period, all of who were males. The observed sexual bias could be related to behavioural differences between the sexes. Elephants mostly consumed ‘fruits and vegetables’ and ‘prepared food’, possibly due to their higher palatability and nutritional value. Ingestion of polythene was incidental and associated with consuming prepared food. Proportions of the six categories in elephant diet and garbage piles were significantly different, indicating that elephants were highly selective when feeding. Elephant arrivals increased in response to unloading of garbage, suggesting attraction to fresh garbage. Dung analysis found that garbage consumption did not change the quantity and constituents of dung, except for the presence of anthropogenic items. As consumed anthropogenic items were regularly excreted, retention and obstruction of the alimentary tract are unlikely in elephants. Elephants feeding on garbage had better body condition than non-garbage consuming elephants, indicating that garbage provided better nutrition than natural food and was not detrimental to their health.

scholarly journals Open garbage dumps near protected areas in Uttarakhand: an emerging threat to Asian Elephants in the Shivalik Elephant Reserve

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 16571-16575
Author(s):  
Kanchan Puri ◽  
Ritesh Joshi ◽  
Vaibhav Singh
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Asian Elephants ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Elephant Population ◽  
Proper Disposal

Waste dumping sites near protected areas are a growing issue, which may affect the activities and behaviour of wildlife, more than what we notice.  Here, we present two of our case studies, where Asian Elephants were found feeding at garbage dumps in Haridwar and Ramnagar forest divisions in the Shivalik Elephant Reserve in Uttarakhand State.  Since garbage dumps may spread bacterial infection and induce adverse changes in the health conditions of the elephant population, we draw the attention of planners to develop a plan of action for proper disposal of the garbage through these preliminary observations, without affecting protected areas and wildlife species, including elephants.  Moreover, collection of data on the presence of garbage dumps across the reserve and a study on the behavioural responses of scavenging and non-scavenging animals visiting the dumps would give us a better understanding of the level of impact of garbage dumps for disposal planning. It is to emphasize that garbage does not constitute a part of natural food for elephants. There are restrictions and guidelines in the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Guidelines for Declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zones around National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.   

scholarly journals PERILAKU MAKAN DAN JENIS PAKAN ORANGUTAN (Pongo pygmaeus) DI HUTAN DESA GURUNG MALI KECAMATAN TEMPUNAK KABUPATEN SINTANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardiyansah Hardiyansah ◽  
Hari Prayogo ◽  
M Sofwan Anwari
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Pongo Pygmaeus ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Focal Animal

The condition of orangutan habitat in ex-situ conservation areas is different from the condition of their natural habitat. These different habitat conditions will have an impact on orangutan behavior, especially food behavior and selection of feed types. This study aims to determine the feeding behavior and the food types of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in the Forest Of Gurung Mali Village Tempunak Sub-district Sintang District. Observation of eating behavior is done using the focal animal sampling method. Observation of eating activities is quantitative, namely recording the time taken during orangutan eating activities. Observation of the type of feed is done by observing the remnants of discarded plants found on the forest floor and trees found as a place for orangutans looking for food sources. Based on observations of the eating behavior of each individual orangutan for the food provided shows the behavior of eating while sitting is higher than the percentage of other eating behavior. For the eating behavior that they are looking for themselves, it shows that Oscar, Digo and Putri tanjung individuals have higher hanging behavior compared to other eating behaviors. The percentage of Momo and Jojo individuals sat higher eating behavior compared to the percentage of other eating behaviors. The types of feed found in the study site were found 8 types of feed provided by the Rehabilitation center and 24 types of natural food contained in the enclosure forest.Keywords : Feeding Behavior, Orangutan, Type of Feed.

scholarly journals The experience of community urban gardens: Social organization and food security

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joeli Silva de SOUZA ◽  
Ryzia de Cassia Vieira CARDOSO ◽  
Lídice Almeida Arlego PARAGUASSÚ ◽  
Sidione Ferreira dos SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Access To Food

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize Salvador-Bahia community gardens, with regard to social organization, work, supply and access to food, in line with the concept of Food Security. Methods A cross-sectional, exploratory study was carried out involving information collection, identification and selection of community gardens. Seven community gardens were located, although only five participated, with data collected through the application of semi-structured questionnaires, used with 13 horticulturists. Results Most of the gardens (80.0%) were located in popular neighborhoods and had been in place for less than five years; they operated with no land legalization (80.0%), in assigned areas (80.0%) and without any technical support (100.0%). No social organization was available in most of the initiatives (60.0%). The greatest difficulties included: lack of funding (80.0%) and volunteers for work (80.0%), as well as water use restrictions (80.0%). The crops included different fruits and vegetables, for self-consumption (80.0%), donation (60.0%), and/or commercialization (40.0%). Horticulturists included women (50.0%) and men (50.0%), mean age 44.8 years, education between illiterates (25.0%) and upper level (37.5%), rural migrants (50.0%) and experienced farmers (62.5%). Positive aspects included the production and access to natural food and the pleasure of working with earth. Conclusion Insufficient policies limited technical support and financing were observed in this segment, although there were contributions to the generation of work opportunities, supply and access to food. The study showed a strong link between community gardens and strategies to promote Food and Nutrition Security.

scholarly journals Improvement of storage conditions of fruits and vegetables in storehouses

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Alexandra Mikhailovna Rudenko ◽  
Yulia Victorovna Shipulina ◽  
Mikhail Fedorovich Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Air Exchange

The article touches upon the problem of conditions and ways of storing potatoes at large harvesting fruit and vegetable storehouses. There are the methods of vegetable storage in bulk and in containers. Various air exchange systems are considered for natural food storage under ambient temperatures, artificial storage using refrigerators and heating devices and combined types. There has been proposed the advanced air ventilation system in the storehouses for containerized goods. The new ventilation system allows improving the air mass circulation system throughout the storehouse providing individual air supply to each container, regulating the local air supply and ventilation of the container, if necessary. This ventilation system generally reduces losses of fruits and vegetables by 12–15 % due to slight increasing electrical energy consumption by 2–4 % and the reconstruction of the storehouse. The use of the PC control of climatic parameters (temperature and humidity in the storehouse), the air exchange system (local resistance to regulate the flow rate and air velocity) and operational control of the system with a combined version of the work will not only further reduce production losses, but also significantly save electrical energy.

scholarly journals Genuine and natural: the opinion of teen consumers

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Balzan ◽  
Luca Fasolato ◽  
Barbara Cardazzo ◽  
Cristiana Penon ◽  
Enrico Novelli
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Natural Foods

Food packaging frequently reports the terms <em>natural</em>, <em>100% natural</em> or similar. Often these indications induce consumers to purchase those products that are considered healthier and fresher. The overall goal of this study was to assess what teen consumers perceive to be genuine and natural foods. A questionnaire was distributed to the students of some high schools (lyceum, technical and professional institutes). It was completed by 349 females and 314 males with an average age of 17.6 years. Respondents are quite interested in the information on recipes, diet, beauty and food safety; websites was an important information retrieval tool. Genuine food is defined mainly as fruits and vegetables, home-made and salubrious, with less or without fat and that are good for health. Meanwhile natural is demarcated primarily by the absence of additives and manipulation or treatments (negative impact). Also fruits and vegetables and organic production are associated to natural. The existence of a natural food preference is well described and the presence on food label may could cause a wrong perceptions of healthfulness. This

scholarly journals Micronutrients and cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Protective Effects

Adverse dietary factors account for approximately 30% of all cancers. Overconsumption of energy is undoubtedly one of the major risk factors, but dietary composition is also very important. In particular, a low consumption of fruits and vegetables appears to double the risk of carcinomas of the lung and alimentary tract. Epidemiological studies suggest that high plasma levels of Se, carotenoids and ascorbic acid are protective against cancer. However, intervention studies with antioxidant nutrients have given mixed results, and it has not been established that the benefits of a high intake of fruits and vegetables are invariably related to the prevention of oxidative DNA damage. Folic acid supplementation appears to protect against colo-rectal neoplasia, probably by preventing mutations associated with the repair of uracil mis-incorporation. However, there are indications from animal studies that exposure to high levels of folic acid at certain stages of development may lead to epigenetic effects that are, as yet, poorly understood. There seems little doubt that micronutrients contribute to the protective effects of plant foods against cancers of the lung and alimentary tract, but it has not been established that these benefits can be achieved using supplements.

scholarly journals Horned Melon (Cucumis metuliferus E. Meyer Ex. Naudin)—Current Knowledge on Its Phytochemicals, Biological Benefits, and Potential Applications

Processes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Vanja Šeregelj ◽  
Olja Šovljanski ◽  
Vesna Tumbas Šaponjac ◽  
Jelena Vulić ◽  
Gordana Ćetković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Phytochemical Components ◽  
Edible Parts

Recent studies reveal that numerous non-edible parts of fruits and vegetables, as well as food wastes, are a good source of phytochemicals that can be extracted and reintroduced into the food chain as natural food additives. Horned melon or kiwano (Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. Ex. Naudin) is a fruit rich in various phytochemical components important in the daily diet. After primary processing, horned melon non-edible parts (e.g., peels and seeds) can represent raw materials that can be utilized in numerous applications. Among under-researched fruits, this study aims to present the potential of using horned melon edible and non-edible parts based on current knowledge on nutritional value, phytochemicals, biological activity, as well as biological benefits. Overall, this review concluded that the biological properties of horned melon are associated with the phytochemicals present in this fruit and its waste parts. Further studies should be conducted to identify phytochemicals and valorize all horned melon parts, assess their biological efficacy, and promote their potential uses in different health purposes.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and other health promoting properties of herbs

2018 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Dula ◽  
Jan Matras ◽  
Eugeniusz R. Grela ◽  
Ignacy Niedziółka
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The One

Many component contained in the plants we usually eat are characterized by antioxidant properties, for example polyphenols effectively neutralize free radicals and other reactive oxygen species. The antioxidant potential of some herbal plants is many times higher than that of fruits and vegetables and therefore there has been a growing interest in the active substances contained therein. An improper diet, such as the one rich in lipids, adversely affects the level of free radicals in the body; so it is very important to choose to eat foods with a high antioxidant potential. The oxidation reactions that occur in food products have a detrimental impact on their nutritional value and sensory properties, such as taste, smell, color and texture. Antioxidants added to food can effectively counteract those changes, therefore there are sought natural food ingredients with antioxidant properties to replace synthetic antioxidants, such as BHA, BHT, which are often used in food. Some herbal spices have an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect. Moreover, they can stimulate appetite, increase the secretion of digestive juices and improve the absorption of nutrients. A diet enriched with suitable herbs or preparations obtained from them, mainly owing to the antioxidants contained therein, improves the functioning of the organism and prevents the development of certain diseases, such as cancer or atherosclerosis of blood vessels.

scholarly journals Morphological and Proximate Analysis of Orange (Citrus scinesis) Peel and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Zia Parveen ◽  
Sunita Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Food Colour

The main objective of the study is to evaluate the nutritional composition of orange peel and tomato for the development of natural colour to increase the awareness about the use of natural food colour which reduces the risk assessment of artificial colour. Fruits are very important constituents of the diet and provide nutrients such as, vitamin, minerals, and fibre etc. Orange is one of the most popular fruits in the world. It is rich in nutrient like vitamin C, folic acid, carotenoids, flavonoids etc. These nutrients are very useful for boosting immunity. In this study we discus about nutritional composition of orange peel and tomato. Proximate analysis of each sample was conducted to evaluate the moisture, fat, protein, ash etc. The morphological analysis of the samples was done by using scanning electron microscope which helps in identifying the different structural forms of the samples. Results of the study suggest that orange peel and tomato both have a good nutritional property. The fat, protein, ash and fibre content in orange peel was found to be 3.4, 4.8, 4.2 and 8.3 respectively while in tomato the values are 0.24, 2.26, 0.18 and 1.19 respectively. Orange peel removed the amount of cholesterol and fight against heart diseases in your body because orange peel contains pectin and natural fibre, it controls our blood pressure and helpful for weight loss. Tomato is an edible, red berry types of fruits. Tomatoes contribute to a healthy well-balanced diet. Because they are rich in nutrients like minerals, vitamins (B and C), sugar and dietary fibre. Tomato is a good source of lycopene; it is a red colour pigment present in high amount (2573 μg) per 100 tomatoes is a very good sources of raw materials for fruits and vegetables industry.

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