Soil acidification: comparison of acid deposition from the atmosphere with inputs from the litter/soil organic layer

Geoderma ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gower ◽  
D.L. Rowell ◽  
S. Nortcliff ◽  
A. Wild
Keyword(s):  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Soil Organic Layer

Measuring unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K(ψm)) of the F and H soil organic layers at small matric potential (ψm)

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-968
Author(s):  
B. Wilske ◽  
E. A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Soil Organic Layer ◽  
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Constant Head

Wilske, B. and Johnson, E. A. 2011. Measuring unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K(ψm)) of the F and H soil organic layers at small matric potential (ψm). Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 965–968. K(ψm) of the soil organic layers is a key parameter to assess water redistribution in cold-climate forests. This study tested the twin suction disc apparatus (TSD) as a new method to measure K(ψm) of the F and H layers directly. We compared the results to two studies. One represents a large data base, the other used similar sample locations; but both derived K(ψm) from combining two methods, i.e., pressure plate measurements combined with the instantaneous profile technique or the constant head approach. The TSD data are consistent with previous results considering the large variability in K(ψm) from the combined methods. This suggests that the TSD method represents an alternative to determine K(ψm) of the soil organic layer.

Soil acidification in china’s forests due to atmospheric acid deposition from 1980 to 2050

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiongyu Zhang ◽  
Jianxing Zhu ◽  
Qiufeng Wang ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Mingxu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Atmospheric Acid Deposition

scholarly journals Nutrient availability at different altitudes in a tropical montane forest in Ecuador

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Soethe ◽  
Johannes Lehmann ◽  
Christof Engels
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Tropical Montane Forest ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Soil Organic Layer ◽  
C:P Ratios

AbstractWe measured macronutrient concentrations in soils and leaves of trees, shrubs and herbs at 1900, 2400 and 3000 m in an Ecuadorian tropical montane forest. Foliar N, P, S and K concentrations in trees were highest at 1900 m (21.7, 2.2, 1.9 and 10.0 mg g−1). At 2400 and 3000 m, foliar concentrations of N, P, S and K were similar to nutrient concentrations in tropical trees with apparent nutrient deficiency, as presented in literature. Unlike foliar nutrient concentrations, the amounts of plant-available nutrients in mineral soil were not affected by altitude or increased significantly with increasing altitude. High C:N ratios (25:1 at 2400 m and 34:1 at 3000 m) and C:P ratios (605:1 at 2400 m and 620:1 at 3000 m) in the soil organic layer suggested slow mineralization of plant litter and thus, a low availability of N and P at high altitudes. Foliar N:P ratios were significantly higher at 2400 m (11.3:1) than at 3000 m (8.3:1), indicating that at high altitudes, N supply was more critical than P supply. In conclusion, the access of plants to several nutrients, most likely N, P, S and K, decreased markedly with increasing altitude in this tropical montane forest.

Response of soil organic layer characteristics to logging residues in three Scots pine thinning stands

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aino Smolander ◽  
Veikko Kitunen ◽  
Mikko Kukkola ◽  
Pekka Tamminen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Logging Residues ◽  
Soil Organic Layer

scholarly journals Soil carbon stock increases in the organic layer of boreal middle-aged stands

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1279-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Häkkinen ◽  
J. Heikkinen ◽  
R. Mäkipää
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Soil Organic Layer

Abstract. Changes in the soil carbon stock can potentially have a large influence on global carbon balance between terrestrial ecosystems and atmosphere. Since carbon sequestration of forest soils is influenced by human activities, reporting of the soil carbon pool is a compulsory part of the national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories. Various soil carbon models are applied in GHG inventories, however, the verification of model-based estimates is lacking. In general, the soil carbon models predict accumulation of soil carbon in the middle-aged stands, which is in good agreement with chronosequence studies and flux measurements of eddy sites, but they have not been widely tested with repeated measurements of permanent plots. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil carbon changes in the organic layer of boreal middle-aged forest stands. Soil carbon changes on re-measured sites were analyzed by using soil survey data that was based on composite samples as a first measurement and by taking into account spatial variation on the basis of the second measurement. By utilizing earlier soil surveys, a long sampling interval, which helps detection of slow changes, could be readily available. The range of measured change in the soil organic layer varied from −260 to 1260 g m−2 over the study period of 16–19 years and 23 ± 2 g m−2 per year, on average. The increase was significant in 6 out of the 38 plots from which data were available. Although the soil carbon change was difficult to detect at the plot scale, the overall increase measured across the middle-aged stands agrees with predictions of the commonly applied soil models. Further verification of the soil models is needed with larger datasets that cover wider geographical area and represent all age classes, especially young stands with potentially large soil carbon source.

Long-term effects of forest liming on mineral soil, organic layer and foliage chemistry: Insights from multiple beech experimental sites in Northern France

2018 ◽  
Vol 409 ◽  
pp. 872-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Court ◽  
Gregory van der Heijden ◽  
Serge Didier ◽  
Claude Nys ◽  
Claudine Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Northern France ◽  
Soil Organic Layer ◽  
Forest Liming ◽  
Foliage Chemistry

Soil organic layer combustion in boreal black spruce and jack pine stands of the Northwest Territories, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xanthe J. Walker ◽  
Jennifer L. Baltzer ◽  
Steven G. Cumming ◽  
Nicola J. Day ◽  
Jill F. Johnstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Soil Organic Layer ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Burn Depth

Increased fire frequency, extent and severity are expected to strongly affect the structure and function of boreal forest ecosystems. In this study, we examined 213 plots in boreal forests dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana) or jack pine (Pinus banksiana) of the Northwest Territories, Canada, after an unprecedentedly large area burned in 2014. Large fire size is associated with high fire intensity and severity, which would manifest as areas with deep burning of the soil organic layer (SOL). Our primary objectives were to estimate burn depth in these fires and then to characterise landscapes vulnerable to deep burning throughout this region. Here we quantify burn depth in black spruce stands using the position of adventitious roots within the soil column, and in jack pine stands using measurements of burned and unburned SOL depths. Using these estimates, we then evaluate how burn depth and the proportion of SOL combusted varies among forest type, ecozone, plot-level moisture and stand density. Our results suggest that most of the SOL was combusted in jack pine stands regardless of plot moisture class, but that black spruce forests experience complete combustion of the SOL only in dry and moderately well-drained landscape positions. The models and calibrations we present in this study should allow future research to more accurately estimate burn depth in Canadian boreal forests.

Fire, climate change, and forest resilience in interior AlaskaThis article is one of a selection of papers from The Dynamics of Change in Alaska's Boreal Forests: Resilience and Vulnerability in Response to Climate Warming.

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1302-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill F. Johnstone ◽  
F. Stuart Chapin ◽  
Teresa N. Hollingsworth ◽  
Michelle C. Mack ◽  
Vladimir Romanovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Landscape Configuration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Soil Organic Layer

In the boreal forests of interior Alaska, feedbacks that link forest soils, fire characteristics, and plant traits have supported stable cycles of forest succession for the past 6000 years. This high resilience of forest stands to fire disturbance is supported by two interrelated feedback cycles: (i) interactions among disturbance regime and plant–soil–microbial feedbacks that regulate soil organic layer thickness and the cycling of energy and materials, and (ii) interactions among soil conditions, plant regeneration traits, and plant effects on the environment that maintain stable cycles of forest community composition. Unusual fire events can disrupt these cycles and trigger a regime shift of forest stands from one stability domain to another (e.g., from conifer to deciduous forest dominance). This may lead to abrupt shifts in forest cover in response to changing climate and fire regime, particularly at sites with intermediate levels of moisture availability where stand-scale feedback cycles are only weakly constrained by environmental conditions. However, the loss of resilience in individual stands may foster resilience at the landscape scale, if changes in the landscape configuration of forest cover types feedback to stabilize regional patterns of fire behavior and climate conditions.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of active layer freezing process to snow cover in Arctic Alaska

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghong Yi ◽  
John S. Kimball ◽  
Richard H. Chen ◽  
Mahta Moghaddam ◽  
Charles E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Soil Organic Layer ◽  
Arctic Alaska ◽  
In Situ Observations

Abstract. The contribution of cold season soil respiration to Arctic-boreal carbon cycle and potential feedbacks to global climate system remain poorly quantified, partly due to a poor understanding of the changes in the soil thermal regime and liquid water content during the soil freezing process. Here, we characterized the processes controlling active layer freezing in Arctic Alaska using an integrated approach combining in-situ observations, local scale (~ 50 m) longwave radar retrievals from NASA Airborne P-band polarimetric SAR (PolSAR), and a remote sensing driven permafrost model. To better capture landscape variability in snow cover and its influence on soil thermal regime, we downscaled global coarse-resolution (~ 0.5°) reanalysis snow data using finer scale (500 m) MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) snow cover extent (SCE) observations. The downscaled 1-km snow depth dataset captured fine-scale variability associated with local topography, and compared well with in-situ observations across Alaska, with a mean RMSE of 0.16 m and bias of −0.01 m in Arctic Alaska, which was used to drive the permafrost model. We also used the in-situ soil dielectric constant (ɛ) profile measurements to guide model parameterization of soil organic layer and unfrozen water content curve. Across a 2° latitudinal zone along the Dalton highway in the Alaska North Slope, the model simulated mean zero-curtain period was generally consistent with in-situ observations (R: 0.6 ± 0.2; RMSE: 19 ± 6 days), which showed mean zero-curtain periods of 61 ± 11 to 73 ± 15 days from depths of 0.25 m to 0.45 m. Along the same transect, both the observed and model simulated zero-curtain periods were positively correlated (R > 0.55, p 

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