The late positive component of the auditory evoked potential in a shared reading and counting task

1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Nash ◽  
Jay J. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Shared Reading ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Positive Component ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
Counting Task

Transient suppression of event-related evoked potentials produced by mild head injury in the cat

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio A. F. DeSalles ◽  
Pauline G. Newlon ◽  
Yoichi Katayama ◽  
C. Edward Dixon ◽  
Donald P. Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Pupillary Dilation ◽  
Positive Component ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Cerebral Concussion ◽  
Fluid Percussion ◽  
Lower Tone

✓ Studies in humans have shown that sensory stimuli, presented in the context of certain tasks, can elicit a late positive component (LPC), namely P300, in the scalp-recorded evoked potential believed to reflect neural activity related to attentional processes. A similar LPC has been reported in cats and monkeys. In this study, the LPC of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) in the cat was used to detect impairment in attention to a relevant stimulus after low levels of cerebral concussion produced by a fluid percussion device. A hollow screw (for fluid percussion) and stainless steel screws (for AEP recording) were surgically placed in the skull. After recovery from surgery, animals were trained in the paradigm to obtain an LPC. Pupillary dilation was conditioned to tones. A random sequence of two discriminable tones was presented. The lower tone had a probability of 0.1 and was followed by a tail shock (tone-shock). After 400 to 1000 tone-shock presentations, animals attended to the lower tone stimulus as inferred by selective pupillary dilation. In the AEP an early positive component at 50 to 120 msec related to an alerting response was enhanced, and an LPC at 250 to 450 msec appeared in response to the paired tone-shock. Animals were then subjected to cerebral concussion. Complete recovery of normal reflexes, motor coordination, and orienting response was seen within 2 hours after injury. The LPC was suppressed for a period of at least 3 days, suggesting that low magnitudes of brain injury can disrupt higher-order neural activities. This disruption can persist despite recovery of other neurological functions.

Anticipation of Relevant Stimuli and Evoked Potentials: A Comment on Donchin's and Cohen's “Averaged Evoked Potentials and Intramodality Selective Attention”

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Naatanen
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Test Flash ◽  
Positive Component ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
Nonspecific Factors ◽  
Peripheral Receptor

Donchin and Cohen (1967) reported having demonstrated amplitude differences of late components of occipital evoked potentials related to intramodal selective attention within the visual modality even under conditions in which the relevant stimuli could not be anticipated by S. They delivered flashes at irregular intervals from 2 to 3 sec. and, timed independently of these, background reversals at irregular intervals from 3 to 4 sec. on the same retinal location. The triangular test flash was superimposed on either of the background figures, one or the other of which was present at any given time. When S's attention was directed to the flashes, these elicited occipital potentials with larger late components than when attention was directed to the background reversals. Especially the late positive component (latency to peak 250 to 300 msec.) was considerably enhanced. The same effect was reported to have been observed with respect to the occipital potentials elicited by the background reversals. It is suggested here that the effect was actually induced by the anticipatory and preparatory reactions to the presentation of the relevant stimuli, conditioned by the regularities in the stimulus sequence. These differential anticipatory and preparatory reactions might include momentarily increased cortical activation as well as simultaneous changes in peripheral receptor conditions, such as improved ocular fixation and accommodation in addition to increased diameter of the pupil. In this author's view, these nonspecific factors may have caused the evoked potential amplitude differences between relevant and irrelevant visual stimuli which were interpreted by Donchin and Cohen to reflect intramodal selective attention.

Electrophysiologic Correlates of Attention versus Distraction in Young and Elderly Listeners

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (07) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert R. De Chicchis ◽  
Michael Carpenter ◽  
Jerry L. Cranford ◽  
Murvin R. Hymel
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Competition Effect ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
Attention Effect ◽  
Competition Effects ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Versus Stimulus

This study examined the effects of selective attention versus stimulus competition on the late auditory evoked potential (LAEP) in 20 young and 20 elderly listeners. In a series of test runs, different oddball tonal sequences were presented to one or both ears, and listeners were instructed to attend to tones at a specific target ear. Peak amplitudes were recorded for the N1, P2, and the early and late N2 components of the LAEP. Significant attention effects were found for all four components. N1 amplitudes increased significantly when participants attended to the target stimuli, whereas the amplitudes of P2, N2e, and N2l decreased. For all LAEP components except N2l, the attention effect did not differ between young and elderly listeners. Significant competition effects also were found for all four components. Amplitudes were significantly larger in monaural than binaural conditions for all components except N2l. The magnitude of this competition effect also was significantly larger for the young listeners than the elderly for all components except N1. These results suggest that the ability to attend selectively to sounds may be more resistant to normal aging than are effects related to stimulus competition.

scholarly journals The effect of early versus late lipid infusion in parenteral nutrition on the biochemical and cortical auditory evoked potential parameters in preterm neonates

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Mohamed Abdou ◽  
Hoda Mahmoud Ibrahim Weheiba
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Lipid Infusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential

Abstract Background As brain activity depends greatly on the functions provided by lipid membranes, dietary fat in early life can affect the developing nervous system. Despite the adoption of an early more aggressive parenteral nutrition approach with amino acid infusions still reluctance to the early use of intravenous lipids in neonates. Aim To compare the effect of delayed versus early introduction of intravenous lipid in preterm on the biochemical parameters and on brain development by the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) latency and amplitude. Methods This is a comparative study included 49 neonates admitted at the ain shams university NICUs. Participants were divided into two groups: 26 in group of early lipid infusion and 23 in late lipid infusion, Demographic data, and biochemical parameters were documented during the 1st 2 weeks of life. The CAEP was performed at age of 6 months. The latency and amplitude of P1 were recorded and compared between both groups. Results In the present work we found that group of early lipid infusion had reach their full oral intake earlier with shorter duration of parenteral nutrition and length of stay. They had better weight gain and significantly better glucose level control than group of late lipid infusion. There was no significant difference in the other chemical parameters between both groups expect for the higher incidence of cholestasis in the group of late lipid infusion. At 6 months of age, the group of early lipid infusion had significantly shorter latency and amplitude of P1 than the group of late lipid infusion. Conclusion Early effective nutrition positively affect feeding tolerance and weight gain and maturation of higher brain centers brain.

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